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Repro Anatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urogenital system develop from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What are the 3 sets of structures during kidney development and when are the present?

A

Pronephros - appears week 3 and regresses by week 4.

Mesonephros - appears week 4 and regresses by week 8

Metanephros - appears week 5 and fully functional by week 11.

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3
Q

What makes up the mesonephros and where does it drain to?

A

Mesonephric duct and mesonephric tubules.

Drains to cloaca.

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4
Q

Describe formation of the definitive kidney.

A

Ureteric bud develops as outgrowth from caudal mesonephric duct.
The nephrogenic cord covers this bud and forms the metanephric cap.

Both of these structures form the definitive kidney.

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5
Q

What does the ureteric bud form?

A

Collecting system

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6
Q

What does the metanephric cap form?

A

Nephrons

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7
Q

What epithelium lines ducts?

A

Cuboidal

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8
Q

What epithelium lines tubules?

A

Columnar

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9
Q

What does the bladder and urethra arise from?

A

Endoderm

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10
Q

What does the bladder develop from?

A

Cranial part of UG sinus and caudal parts of mesonephirc duct (trigone).

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11
Q

When do gonads first develop male/female characteristics?

A

Week 7

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12
Q

When do genital ducts develop?

A

Weeks 5-6.

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13
Q

What are female and male ducts called respectively?

A

Female - paramesonephric (Mullerian)

Male - mesonephric (Wolffain)

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14
Q

What happens to mesonephric ducts in males and females?

A

In males, testosterone causes the formation of ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and epididymis.

In females, duct disappears due to absence of testosterone.

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15
Q

What happens to paramesonephric ducts in males and females?

A

In males, Sertoli cells produce AMH which causes degeneration.

In females, ducts form funnel-shaped cranial ends that open into the peritoneal cavity. They meet in the midline and go onto form -

Cranial portion - uterine tubes
Caudal portion - uterovaginal primordium (sup vagina and uterus).

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16
Q

Where do primordial germ cells form?

A

Yolk sac

17
Q

What causes indifferent gonads to become testes?

A

SRY acts on somatic cells causing proliferation of sex cords. Leydig cells then produce testosterone and Sertoli cells produce AMH.

Dense connective tissue forms - tunica albuginea - which separates cords from surface epithelium.

18
Q

What causes indifferent gonads to become ovaries?

A

Presence of Wnt 4 and absence of SRY.

  • Surface epithelium proliferates to form surface of ovary, and PGCs align along cortex and proliferate.
19
Q

Cloacal folds develop around the cloacal membrane around week 3. What do these form?

A

Cranial end - folds join to form genital tubercle.

Caudal end - folds are subdivided.

  • Those in front - labia minora/ventral aspect of penis
  • Those behind - anus
20
Q

What develop around urethral folds and what do these give rise to?

A

Genital swellings.

  • Become scrotum in males and labia majora in females.
21
Q

What week does formation of the phallus occur?

A

Week 9

22
Q

What week do external genitalia develop male and female characteristics?

A

Week 12

23
Q

What does the phallus and genital swellings become in males?

A

Penis and scrotum

24
Q

What does the phallus and genital swellings become in females?

A

Clitoris and labia majora

25
Q

What germ layer does the external urethral meatus form from?

A

Ectoderm

26
Q

What structure does the urethra arise from?

A

Middle pelvic part of UG sinus.

27
Q

What effect does testosterone have on urethral development?

A

Causes elongation of the phallus which pulls urethral folds forwards.

Urethral folds then close over the urethral plate to form the penile urethra.

28
Q

What structure do bulbourethral glands develop from?

A

They are an outgrowth of the penile urethra.

29
Q

What structure does the prostate gland develop from?

A

Outgrowth of prostatic urethra.

30
Q

Where do the superior and inferior parts of the vagina develop from?

A

Superior - caudal portion of UG sinus

Inferior -
Outgrowths of UG sinus (known as sinovaginal bulbs) fuse to form a vaginal plate.
This plate hollows to form a cavity.

Repro Anatomy (5 decks)

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