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ESA 2 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is angiogenesis/ vasculogenesis?

A

Formation of new blood vessels from spaces lined by angioplasty

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2
Q

What is an angioblast?

A

Primordia of vascular endothelial cells that form within the mesoderm and spontaneously form blood vessels

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3
Q

What is an atrial septal defect?

A

A hole in the septum that divides the 2 atria

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4
Q

Why does an atrial septal defect commonly occur?

A

The septum secundum fails to completely cover the foramen secundum

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5
Q

Bulbus cordis dorms what with the truncus arteriosus?

A

The outflow tract of the primitive heart tube

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6
Q

What are cardinal veins?

A

System of veins draining the head and body of the developing embryo, joining the sinus venosus

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7
Q

What is the cardiogenic region?

A

The region of mesoderm at the anterior end of the trilaminar disk that will give risk to endocadial tubes

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8
Q

What is the conus cordis/ conus arteriosus?

A

Segment of bulbus cordis that forms the route of the truncus arteriosus

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9
Q

What is the Crista terminalis?

A

Dividing line between smooth walled atrium(sinus venosis) and rough walled atrium (primitive)

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10
Q

What is the ductus arteriosis?

A

The fetal shunt connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta to bypass the lungs in utero

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11
Q

What’s the ductus venosus?

A

Fetal shunt directing oxygenated blood carried by umbilical vein from the placenta to inferior vena cava passing the liver

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12
Q

What are the endocardial cushions?

A

4 structures responsible for septation within the heart, loose connective tissue covered by endothelium

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13
Q

What forms the primitive heart tube when they fuse during embryonic folding?

A

Endocardial tube

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14
Q

What’s the foramen ovale?

A

Hole in septum secundum allowing right to left shunt

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15
Q

What is a patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus

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16
Q

What is persistent truncus arteriosis?

A

Failure of the aortic pulmonary septum to form properly. Defect with single arterial trunk

17
Q

Where is the primitive atrium?

A

Rough walled chamber at the caudal end of primitive heart tube

18
Q

What does the primitive heart tube consist of from inflow to outflow?

A

Sinus venosus, primitive atrium, primitive ventricle, bulbus cordis, truncus arteriosis

19
Q

What does the primitive ventricle form?

A

Left ventrcle

20
Q

What is the septum primum?

A

First membrane to divide primitive atrium.

21
Q

What is the septum secundum?

A

A muscular infolding of the atrial wall that forms the second membrane dividing the atrium

22
Q

The sinus venosis is the collecting chamber for the primitive heart tube recieving cardinal drainage from the left and right horns. What do the left and right horns become?

A

Right horn becomes right atrium

Left horn becomes coronary sinus

23
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot? What does it result from?

A

Result of defective septation of outflow tract

4 defects- Ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta and RV hypertrophy

24
Q

What is it called when the aorta lies anterior and to the right of the pulmonary trunk?

A

Transposition of great arteries

25
Q

What is a ventricular septal defect?

A

Hole between right and left ventricles caused by defect in septation

26
Q

What is the heart tube consisting of at the bottom and top?

A

Sinus venosus-> aortic roots

27
Q

What is the direction of blood flow at day 28 in vitro

A

Common atrium-> narrow atrioventricular foramen-> primitive left ventricle-> interventricular foramen-> primitive right ventricle->bulbus cordis (conus cordis to truncus arteriosus)

28
Q

How does the septum of the atrium develop?

A

Septum primum grows down. Gap at bottom ostium primum, second gap at top Ostium secundum (primum closes)
Septum secundum grows down leaving the fossa ovales
Failure leads to atrial septal defect

29
Q

How does the interventricular septum form?

A

Muscular septum grows bottom up
Endocardial cushion grows from the side
Membranous interventicular septum grows down

30
Q

What will failure of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum result in?

A

Ventricular septal defect

31
Q

What does the spiral septum divide in development

A

Pulm tract and aorta

Failure leads to transposition of great vessels

32
Q

What is the inter-uterine blood flow once development of heart has taken place?

A

RA->Foramen ovale-> LA->LV->system circ

LV->ductus arteriosus-> System circ

33
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth

A

Closes to leave the ligamentum arteriosum

ESA 2 (10 decks)

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