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Anatomy III > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal arches form from _________

A

the migration and proliferation of neural crest cells

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2
Q

Pharyngeal arches are separated by ________ and _________

A

pharyngeal grooves and clefts

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3
Q

Outside covering of pharyngeal arches

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

Inside lining of pharyngeal arches (one exception)

A

endoderm

-Arch 1 has oral ectoderm on inside

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5
Q

what makes up the core of each arch?

A

mesenchyme

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6
Q

Pharyngeal pouch

A

separates pharyngeal arches from the endoderm lined insides

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7
Q

pharyngeal membrane

A

where ectoderm and endoderm come together at clefts/grooves

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8
Q

1st pharyngeal arch, neural crest derivative

A
  • Mandibular prominence (Meckel’s cartilage, mandible, malleus, incus, anterior ligament of malleus)
  • Maxillary prominence?
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9
Q

Mandibular prominence (5), neural crest derivative

A
  • Meckel’s cartilage
  • mandible
  • malleus
  • incus
  • anterior ligament of malleus
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10
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch (4), neural crest derivative

A
  • lesser cornu of hyoid (superior hyoid)
  • stylohyoid
  • styloid process
  • stapes
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11
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch (2), neural crest derivative

A

body and greater cornu of hyoid (inferior hyoid)

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12
Q

4th pharyngeal arch (1), neural crest derivative

A

laryngeal carliages

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13
Q

1st pharyngeal arch = ?

A

mandibular

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14
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch = ?

A

hyoid

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15
Q

1st pharyngeal arch (2) (mesoderm derivatives)

A
  • All muscles of mastication

- anterior belly of digastric

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16
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch (2) (mesoderm derivatives)

A
  • Muscles of facial expression

- posterior belly of digastric

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17
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch (1) (mesoderm derivatives)

A

stylopharngeus

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18
Q

4th/6th mesodermal arch (mesoderm derivatives) (3)

A
  • pharyngeal constrictors
  • soft palate muscles
  • laryngeal muscles
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19
Q

1st pharyngeal arch (innervation)

A

trigeminal nerve (V)

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20
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch (innervation)

A

Facial nerve (VII)

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21
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch (innervation)

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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22
Q

4th/6th pharyngeal arch (innervation)

A

vagus (X)

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23
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch (endoderm) (2)

A

middle ear cavity

auditory tube

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24
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch (endoderm) (1)

A

palatine tonsil

25
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch (endoderm) (2)

A

Inferior parathyroid glands

Thymus

26
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch (endoderm) (2)

A

superior parathyroid glands

ultimobranchial bodies

27
Q

Pharyngeal groove 1

A

external acoustic meatus

28
Q

Pharyngeal groove 2-4

A

cervical sinus –> cervical vesicle

29
Q

Thyroid develops from…

A

endoderm between pharyngeal arch 1 and 2

30
Q

Median lingual swelling derived from…

A

1st arch

31
Q

Lateral lingual swellings (anterior 2/3 of tongue) derived from…

A

1st arch

32
Q

Copula derived from…

A

2nd arch

33
Q

Hypopharnygeal eminence (posterior 1/3 of tongue) derived from…

A

3rd and 4th arches

34
Q

The tongue is well formed by week ________

A

10

35
Q

Skeletal muscles of the tongue derived from ___________

A

occipital somites

36
Q

________ nerve pulled with occipital somites to innervate (motor) skeletal muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal

37
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue:

  • Somatosensory?
  • Special Sensory?
A

somatosensory = V2

special sensory = VII

38
Q

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

  • Somatosensory?
  • Special sensory?
A

somatosensory = IX and X

special sensory = IX

39
Q

Motor innervation of the tongue

A

XII

40
Q

Papillae of tongue form by week ________

A

8

41
Q

4 types of tastebuds

A

1) filiform
2) fungiform*
3) folliate*
4) circumvallate*

  • = contain tastebuds
42
Q

Face formation begins in week ______

A

4

43
Q

Median nasal prominences fuse between week ____ - ____

A

6-10

44
Q

Median nasal prominence (derived from maxillary prominence) gives rise to

A
  • Bridge of the nose

- Intermaxillary segment (philtrum, upper jaw with 4 incisors, primary palate)

45
Q

philtrum derived from…

A

intermaxillary segment (MxP)

46
Q

upper jaw and 4 incisors derived from…

A

intermaxillary segment (MxP)

47
Q

Primary palate derived from…

A

intermaxillary segment (MxP)

48
Q

Fusion of maxillary prominence with the intermaxillary segment results in…

A
  • smooth upper lip

- fusion of primary and secondary palate

49
Q

Alae derived from

A

Lateral nasal prominence (MxP)

50
Q

Failure of the lateral nasal prominence to fuse with the maxillary prominence results in…

A

facial cleft

51
Q

Secondary palate derived from…

A

fusion of palatine shelves that grow from the maxillary prominence

52
Q

Secondary palate gives rise to…

A

majority of hard palate, all of soft palate

53
Q

Primary palate gives rise to…

A

anterior hard palate

54
Q

Palatine shelves fuse around week ______ when ________

A

9

the mandible “drops” tongue

55
Q

Palatine shelves fuse with eachother and with _______

A

primary palate anteriorly

56
Q

Secondary palate formation complete at week ______

A

12

57
Q

Cleft lip results when…

A

intermaxillary segment and maxillary prominence fail to fuse (can be unilateral or bilateral)

58
Q

Cleft palate results when…

A

palatal shelves fail to fuse

59
Q

Oblique cleft results when…

A

lateral nasal prominence fails to fuse with the maxillary prominence

Anatomy III (7 decks)

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