Embryology Flashcards
Subventricular Zone gives rise to:
Neurons of the Olfactory Bulb
Dentate Gryus gives rise to the:
Hippocampus
External Granule Layer gives rise to:
Cerebellar Granule Cells
Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)
-alters dorsal-ventral patterning
Telencephalon
-becomes cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
-becomes thalamic structures, 3rd ventricle
Mesencephalon
-becomes midbrain, cerebral aquaduct
Metancephalon
-becomes pons and medulla
Myelencephalon
-becomes medulla
Rhombencephalon
-lumen becomes 4th ventricle
Homeobox (Hox)
- regulate genes that code for vertebral column
- rostral-caudal patterning
Alar Plate
-forms dorsal portion of spinal cord
Basal Plate
-forms ventral portion of spinal cord
Sulcus Limitans
-separates alar and basal plates
Chranioraschisis
- most severe neural tube defect
- failure of closure of spinal cord and skull
Encephalocele
-failure of closure of spinal cord at rostral end (neck/head)
Myelomeningocele
-failure of neural tube closure at caudal end
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
- may arise from primitive streak
- neoplasm filled with tissue on caudal end
Chiari 1
- cerebellar tonsils herniate
- associated with syringomyelia (loss of pain and temp in cape-like pattern)
Chiari 2
-associated with myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus, hind brain abnormalities
Chiari 3
-cervical spina bifida with cerebellar encephalocele
Holoprosencephaly
-mutation in Shh gene
Dandy Walker
- inc. posterior fossa size
- not neural tube defect- folate with not help
- hydrocephalus
- cystic dilation of 4th ventricle
Lissencaphaly
-lack of gyri
