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Neurology - step > embryology > Flashcards

embryology Flashcards

1
Q

time frame for neural plate to neural crest cells

A

18th week - notochord induces overlying ectoderm to become neuroectoderm
21st week - becomes separate neural tube and neural crest cells

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2
Q

what is the embryological derivative of the nucleus pulposis

A

notochordddd

ana term one exam

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3
Q

alar plate

A

dorsal sensory

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4
Q

basal plate

A

ventral motor

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5
Q

embryo origin of: cerebral hemispheres

A

prosencephalon - telencephalon

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6
Q

embryo origin of: medulla

A

rhombencephalon - myelencephalon

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7
Q

embryo origin of: thalamus

A

prosencephalon - dicencephalon

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8
Q

embryo origin of: cerebellm

A

rhombencephalon - metencephalon

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9
Q

embryo origin of: midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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10
Q

embryo origin of: pons

A

rhombencephalon - metencephalon

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11
Q

list the embryo origins of the ventricular system of brain plz

A

cavities of
lateral ventricle - telencephalon from the prosencepahlon
third ventricles - diencephalon form the prosencephalon
aqueduct - mesencephalon from the mesencephalon
upper part of fourth ventricle - metnecephalon from the rhombencephalon
lower part of the fourth ventciel - myelencephalon from the rhombencephalon

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12
Q

embryo origin of: CNS neurons

A

neuroectoderm

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13
Q

embryo origin of: ependymal cells

A

neuroectoderm

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14
Q

embryo origin of: oligodendrocytes

A

neuroectoderm

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15
Q

embryo origin of: astrocytes

A

neuroectoderm

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16
Q

embryo origin of: PNS neurons

A

neural crest cells

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17
Q

embryo origin of: schwann cells

A

neural crest cells

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18
Q

embryo origin of: microglial cells

A

mesoderm (like macrophages)

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19
Q

when do neural pores fuse

A

FORUTH WEEK

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20
Q

what are neural tube defects associated wtih

A

low folic acid intake before conception and in pregos

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21
Q

what will you see in af and maternal serum with a neural tube defect

A

increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid and maternal serum
confirm with increased AChE in the AF

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22
Q

what is used as a confirmatory test of neural tube defects

A

increased AChE in the AF – diffuses from the CSf tas a transudate

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23
Q

describe spina bifisa occulta

A 
failure of BONY canal to close
no structural herniation
lower vertebral levels
dura is intact
tuft of hair or skin dimple at level fo defect
AFP is normal
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24
Q

what is a meningocele

A

meninges, no neural tissue herniate through bony defect

with or without a skin defect

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25
what is a meningomyelocele
meninges and neural tissue herniate throught bony defet | skin is thin or usually absent
26
what are the forebrain anomalies
anencephaly | holoprosencephaly
27
increased AFP polyhydramnions mom with DMI no folate supplementation
anencephaly
28
describe structural defect in anencephaly
malformation fo anterior neural tube - no forebrain (no cerenral hemispheres or thalamus or 4th vent or 3rd vent) and an open calvarium
29
when does holoprosencephaly occur
failure of left and right hemispheres to separate - usually in the FIFTH and SIXTH WEEK
30
what happens neurodevelopmental style in the FIFTh and SIXTH weeks?
separation of the right and left hemispheres
31
moderate form of holoposencephaly associated with?
cleft lip and palate
32
most severe form of holoprosencephaly associated with?
cyclopia
33
what syndromes is holoprosencephaly associated with
patau and fetal alcohol syndromes
34
what are the possible genetics behind holoprosencephaly
sonic hedgehod signalling pathway mutations
35
list the posterior fossa malformations
chiari II and chiari I | dandy walker
36
describe chiari II
significant herniation fo cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus.
37
what does ciari II often present with
lumbosacral meningomyelocele paralysis below the defect hydrocephalus aqueductal stenosis
38
what is dandy walker
agenesis of the cerebellar vermis | cystic enlargement of the 4th ventricle - fills the posterior fossa
39
what is dandy walker associated with
hydrocephalus | spina bifida
40
what posterior fossa malformation is associated with spina bifida?
dandy walker - agenesis of cerebellar vermis - fluid isntead
41
what posterior fossa malformation is associated with meningomyocoele
chiari II - cerebellar tonsils slip down
42
what tis a syringomyelia
cystic cavity/syrinx in the spinal cord
43
which fibres are typically damaged first in syringomyelia
crossing anterior spinal commissural fibres
44
how does syringomyelia present
cape like bilateral loss of pain and temperature in upper extremities - fine touch is preserved
45
what is a syringomyelia associated with
chiari I tumours trauma
46
where does a syringomyelia normally occur
C8-T1
47
what dermatomes typically affected in a syringomyelia
CB: 4th and 5th digits to posterior medial arm T1: anterior medial arm
48
what tis a chiari I malformation
cerebellar tonsillar ectopia > 3-5 mm | usually asymptomatic in childhood
49
sxs of chiari I please
usually asxtic syringomyelia associated with headaches and cerebeallar symptoms
50
list the posterior fossa malformations, their cxl presentation and their associated malformations
chiari I - syringomyelia, headaches, cerebellar symptoms Chiari II - meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, paralysis below defect Dandy walker - spina bifida, hydrocephalus
51
what does tongue develop from
anterior two thirds - 1st and 2nds branchial arches - V3 and VII posterior one third - 3rd and 4th branchial arches - IX
52
what gives special ensory to anterior 2/3 or tongue
VII
53
what gives sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue
V3
54
what gives motor to anterior 2/3 tongue
XII, some X
55
what gives special sensory to posterior 1/3 tongue
IX, X at far back
56
what gives sensory to posterior 1/3 tongue
IX, X at far back
57
what gives motor to posterior 1/3 tongue
XII, some X
58
which tongue muscle innervated by X and fucntion
palatoglossus - posterior tongue elevation during swallowing
59
what tongue muscles innervated by XII and function
genioglusos - tongue protrusion styloglossus - trough hypoglossus - retracts and depresses tongue
60
list the CN involved in taste
VII, IX, X (solitaroy nucleus)
61
list the CN involved in pain for tongue
V3, IX, X
62
list the CN involved in motor of tongue
X, XII

Neurology - step (10 decks)

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