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cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what does the pineal gland do

A

melatonin, circadian rhythym

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2
Q

what is the superior colliculi for

A

vision

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3
Q

what is the inferior colliculi for

A

hearing (superior olive and MGN in thalamus)

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4
Q

what is parinaud syndrome

A

paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesions in superior colliculi

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5
Q

what causes paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze

A

stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma affecting the superior colliculi
parinaud syndrome

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6
Q

where are the cranial nerve nuclie located

A

in the tegmentum of the brainstem ie between dorsal and ventra postions

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7
Q

describe tne location of sensory vrs motor cranial never nuclei in the brain stem

A

alar plate/lateral nuclei - sensory SULCUS limitans - medial nucles - motor slash basal plate
lateral alar in bs to dorsal in spc SENSORY
medial basal in bs to ventral in spc MOTOR

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8
Q

what cranial nerve nuclei are in the midbrain

A

CN III IV

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9
Q

what crinal nerve nucle are in the pons

A

CN V, VI VII VIII

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10
Q

what cranial nerve nuclei are in the medulla

A

CN IX, X XII

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11
Q

where is cranial nere nucle of XI

A

spinal cord

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12
Q

name the CN: exits via cribiform plate

A

CN I

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13
Q

name the CN: exits via optical canal

A

CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein

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14
Q

name the CN: exits via superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, VI, V1, ophthalmic vein, sympathetic fibres

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15
Q

name the CN: exits fia foramen rotundum

A

V2

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16
Q

name the CN: exits via foramen ovale

A

V3

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17
Q

name the CN: exits via foramen spinosum

A

jk, tis an artery - middle meningeal

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18
Q

name the CN: internal auditory meatus

A

CN VII and VIII

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19
Q

name the CN: jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI and jugular vein

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20
Q

name the CN: hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

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21
Q

name the CN: foramen magnum

A

spinal roots of Cn XI and brain stem and vertebral arteries

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22
Q

list if each CN is motor, sensory or mixed

A 
CN I - sensory
CN II - sensory
CN III - motor
CN IV - motor
CN V - both
CN VI - motor
CN VII - both
CN VIII - sensory
CN IX - both
CN X - both
CN XI - motor
CN XII - motor
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23
Q

what is the only sensory modalitit to not go thorugh the thalamus

A

olfactory CNI

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24
Q

what does CN III do

A

EOM movements SR IR IO MR
pupillary constriction via sphincter pupillae, edinger westphal nucles and muscarinic receptors
accommodation
eyelid opening - levator palpebrae

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25
mastication
CN V3
26
functions of CN VII
``` facila movement tast from anterior 2/3 tongue lacrimation salviation ( not parotid, just passes thorugh) eyelid closing stapedius im ear ```
27
salciation fo parotid gland
CN IX
28
muscle work of CN IX
stylopharyngeus - elevates pharynx and larnx
29
what are the three nuclei of the vaus nerve
nucleus solitaries nucleas ambiguous dorsal motor nucleus
30
what is the function of the nucleus solitarious
visceral sensory information - taste, baroreceptors, gut distenstion VII, IX X
31
what is the function of the nucleus ambiguus
motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus - swallowing and palate elecvation IX X XI (cranial portion)
32
what is the function of the dorsal motor ucleus
autonomic/parasympathetic fibres to heart lungs upper GI | X
33
name the CN associated with the nucleus solitarious
visceral sensory for taste VII, baroreceptors IX and gut distension X
34
name the CN associated with the nucleus ambiggus
motor of pharynx, larynx and upper eosphagis | IX and X
35
name the Cn associated with the dorsal motor nucleus
parasyma to heart, lung , gut | X
36
describe the CN involved in: the corneal reflex
afferent V1 ophthalmic nasociliary branch | efferent VII - temporal branch to oribtalis oculi
37
describe the CN involved in: lacrimation
afferent V1 efferent VII loss of reflex does not preclude emotional tears
38
describe the CN involved in: jaw jer
afferent V3 sensory muscle spindle | effecrent V3 masseter
39
describe the CN involved in: pupillary reflex
afferent CN II | efferenet CN III
40
describe the CN involved in: gag reflex
afferent IX | efferent X
41
what happens when CN V is lesioned
jaw deviates TOWARDS side of lesion due to unopposed force from the opposite pterygoid
42
what happens when CN X is lesioned
uvula deviates AWAY from side of lesion - weak side collapses and uvula points away
43
what happens when CN XI is lesioned
weakness turning head away from lesion - shoulder dropp on side of lesion (left SCm helps turn head to the right) feel your own SCM to help with this
44
CN XII lesion
tongue deviates towards side of lesion | LICK YORU WOUNDS due to weakened tongue muscles on affected side
45
what is the cavernous sinus
collection of venous sinuses on either side fo the pituitary | receives blood from eye and superficial cortex that then drains through the cavernous sinus to the internal jugular vein
46
what CN are int eh cavernous sinus
those that pass through the superior orbital fissure CN III, IV, VI, V1 and sometimes V2 and post ganglionic sympathetic fibres carvernous portion fo internal carotid as well
47
describe cavernous sinus syndrome
presents with variable ophthalmoplegia decrased corneal sensation horner syndrome occasional decreased maxiallary sensation
48
what causes cavernous sinus syndrome
secondary to pituitary tumor mass effect, carotid-cavernous fistula, cavernous sinus thrombosis related to infection
49
which CN is most susceptible to damage in cavernous sinus ysndrome
CN VI
50
variable opthalmoplegia (usually VI) decreased corneal sensation horner syndrome occasional descreased maxillary sensation
cavernous sinus syndrome pituitary tumor mass effect carotid cavernous fistula cavernous sinus thrombosis
51
whatst the role o the outer ear
transfers sounds waves via vibration of the eardrum
52
what constitutes the outer ear
visible portion of ear/pinna the auditory canal and eardrum
53
whats the roel of the middle ear
ossciles conduct and amplify soundfrom eardrum to inner ear
54
what constitutes the middle ear
air filled space with three boens called the osciels - malleus, incus, stapes
55
what is the inner ear
snail shaped fluid filled cochlea that contains the basila membrane that vibrates secondary to sound waves = transduced by specialized hair cells to the breain stem
56
describe the tonotopy of the basilar membrane
helicotrema - low frequency - wide and flexible | base - high frequency - thin and rigid
57
describe hearing loss in elderly
high frequency at the thin and rigid base of the cochlea
58
describe test results in conductive hearing loss
weber - will localize to affected ear | rhinnes - bone > air
59
describe test results in sensorineural hearing loss
weber - will localize to unaffected ear | rhinnes - air > bone ie normal
60
describe hoice induced hearing loss
damage to stereociliated cells in the organ of corti; loss of high frequency hearint first (at base) sudden extremely loud noiss can produce hearing loss due to tympanic membrane rupture
61
what is a cholesteatoma
overgrowth of desquamated keratin debris in the middle ear space
62
who cares about chlesteatoma
overgrowth of desquamated keratin debris in the middle ear space may erode the ossicles, mastoid air cells elading to conductive hearing loss
63
describe an UMN of the facial nerve
will see contralateral lower face no effect on ipsi face or upper contralateral face tis a lesion between the motor cortex and the facial nucleus
64
describe a LMN of the facial nerve
will see contralateral lower and upper face paralysis
65
what is facial nerve palsy
complete destruction of the facial nucleus itself or its branchial efferent fibres - the facial nerve proper
66
describe clinical presentation of facial nerve palsy
peripheral ipsilateral facial paralysis - absent forehead creases and dropping smile with inability to close eye on involve side
67
what is bell palsy
idiopathic facial nerve palsy - gradual recovery in most cases
68
what diseases are associated with facial nerve plasies
``` LYME DISEASE ~*~* herpes simplex herpes zoster (RAMSEY HUNT SYNDROME) sarcoidosis tumors diabetes ```
69
how to treat facial nerve pals
corticosteroids
70
``` what are these? lyme disease herpes simplex herpes zoster diametes tumor sarcoidosis ```
conditions associated with facial nerve palsy
71
what are the mastication muscles
``` OPEN JAW: masseter temporalis medial pterygoid CLOSE JAW: lateral pterygoind ''it takes more muscles to keep your mouth shut'' ```

Neurology - step (10 decks)

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