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Zak, CP > Embryology 2 > Flashcards

Embryology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dorsal mesocardium?

A

Double layer of splanchnic mesoderm that connects heart to posterior body wall

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2
Q

What is dextrocardia?

A

Bulboventricular loop bends to the L. instead of the R.

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3
Q

When does the atrioventricular canal form?

A

5th week

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4
Q

What are endocardial cushions from and what do they form?

A

Mesoderm, atrioventricular canal

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5
Q

What causes the endocardial cushions to grow together and what is the growth dependent on?

A

Neural crest cells

Retinoic Acid

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6
Q

What forms the membranous portion of the interventricular septum?

A

endocardial cushions (mesoderm) and R./L. bulbar ridges (neural crest)

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7
Q

Besides separating the R. and L. ventricles, what else does the interventricular septum separate?

A

L. ventricle from R. atrium

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8
Q

What two things cause a patent ductus arteriosus, is it cyanotic/acyanotic, and how is it treated?

A

Cause = low O2, high PGE2
Acyanotic
Tx = COX2 inhibitor (NSAIDS)

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9
Q

What is the most common atrial septal defect, is it cyanotic/acyanotic, and what are 2 MOA’s?

A

Ostium secundum
Acyanotic
MOA’s = increased apoptosis, decreased development of septum secundum

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10
Q

What is the MOA of a ventricular septal defect and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Membranous portion doesn’t fuse (failed neural crest)

Acyanotic

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11
Q

What is the cause of an atrioventricular septal defect and in what population is it commonly seen?

A

Endocardial cushions didn’t fuse

Downs Syndrome

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a complete ASD?

A

Cyanotic, primum ASD and VSD

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a partial ASD?

A

Acyanotic, primum ASD

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14
Q

What causes a “corrected” transposition of the great vessels and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Neural crest didn’t spiral and bulboventricular fold fell to left
Acyanotic

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15
Q

What causes transposition of the great vessels and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Neural crest didn’t spiral

Cyanotic

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16
Q

What causes truncus arteriosus and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Bulbar and truncal ridges didn’t form so no aorta and pulmonary trunk
Cyanotic

17
Q

What are the characteristics of tetralogy of fallot and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, R. ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
Cyanotic

18
Q

What are the characteristics of critical pulmonary stenosis and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Pulmonary valve closed/thickened

Cyanotic

19
Q

What are the characteristics of aortic stenosis and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Aortic valve closed/thickened

Cyanotic (not enough blood getting to periphery)

20
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoplastic L. heart syndrome and is it cyanotic/acyanotic?

A

Small L. ventricle

Cyanotic

Zak, CP (7 decks)

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