Embryology

Question 1

When does the pronephros appear?

Answer 1

Week 4, then degenerates

Question 2

What is the Mesonephros?

Answer 2

Functions as interim kidney for 1st trimester

Question 3

What does the Mesonephros become after?

Answer 3

Contributes to male genital system

Question 4

What is the metanephros and when does it appear?

Answer 4

Permanent kidney that first appears in 5th week of gestation

Question 5

How long does nephrogenesis continue through?

Answer 5

32-36 weeks of gestation

Question 6

What is the ureteric bud derived from?

Answer 6

Caudal end of mesonephros

Question 7

What does the ureteric bud give rise to?

Answer 7

Ureter
pelvises
calyces
collecting duct

Question 8

When is the ureteric bud canalyzed by?

Answer 8

10th week

Question 9

What interacts with the metanephric mesenchyme?

Answer 9

Ureteric bud

Question 10

What does the interaction between the metanephric mesenchyme and the ureteric bud lead to?

Answer 10

Induces differentiation and formation of glomerulus through to distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

Aberrant interaction between _____ and _______ may result in several congenital malformations of the kidney

Answer 11

Metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud

Question 12

What is the last to canalize and most common site of hydronephrosis in the fetus?

Answer 12

Ureteropelvic junction

Question 13

What happens in Potter’s syndrome?

Answer 13

Oligohydraminos–>
Compression of fetus–>
limb and facial deformities and pulmonary hypoplasia (cause of death)

Question 14

Babies who can’t ______ in utero develop ______

Answer 14

Pee, Potter’s

Question 15

What are the causes of Potter’s syndrome?

Answer 15

ARPKD
Posterior urethral valves
Bilateral renal agenesis

Question 16

What happens in Horseshoe kidney?

Answer 16

Inferior poles of both kidneys fuse

Question 17

As the kidneys _____ from the pelvis during fetal development, the horseshoe kidneys get trapped under _________ and remain ________ in the abdomen

Answer 17

ascend, inferior mesenteric artery, low

Question 18

The kidneys function ______ in horseshoe kidney

Answer 18

normally

Question 19

Horseshoe kidney is associated with _______

Answer 19

Turner syndrome

Question 20

Multicystic dysplastic kidney is due to the interaction between _________

Answer 20

ureteric bud and metanephric mesencyme

Question 21

MDK leads to a _________ kidney consisting of _______ and __________

Answer 21

nonfunctional kidney, cysts, connective tissue

Question 22

If MDK is unilateral it is generally ________ with compensatory ________ of contralateral kidney

Answer 22

asymptomatic, hypertrophy

Question 23

MDK is often diagnosed _______ via ________

Answer 23

prenatally, ultrasound