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Cardiovascular System > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the smooth muscle in the blood and lymphatic vessels?

A

The Somatic (Parietal) mesoderm

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2
Q

What forms the smooth muscle surrounding the primitive gut derivatives?

A

The Splanchnic (Visceral) mesoderm

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3
Q

What does the Intraembryonic mesoderm give rise to?

A

The Pleural Cavities and the Pericardial cavity

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4
Q

What does the splanchnic mesoderm give rise to?

A

The Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

What are the 5 structures of the primitive heart?

A

The Truncus Arteriosus, the Bulbus Cordis, the Ventricle, the Atrium and the Sinus Venosus

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6
Q

What does the Truncus Arteriosus give rise to?

A

The Aorta and the Pulmonary Trunk

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7
Q

How does blood flow through the primitive heart?

A

Sinus Venosus > Primitive Atrium > Primitive Ventricle > Truncus Arteriosus

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8
Q

What veins enter the heart caudally in the embryonic stage?

A

The Vitelline Vein, the Umbilical Vein and the Common Cardinal Vein

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9
Q

What do the caudal veins form?

A

The Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

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10
Q

What separates the trabecular and smooth portions of the atria?

A

The Crista Terminalis

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11
Q

What does the Sinus Venosus form?

A

The smooth wall of the right atrium

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12
Q

What does the Atrioventricular septum separate?

A

The Right Atrium and the Left Ventricle

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13
Q

What causes the intertatrial septation?

A

The Septum Primum and the Septum Secundum

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14
Q

What is the function of the oval foramen?

A

It allows blood to bypass the non functional lungs

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15
Q

What does the oval foramen become after birth?

A

The fossa ovalis

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16
Q

What is the source of oxygenated blood in the embryonic stage?

A

The Placenta

17
Q

What is the function of the Ductus Arteriosus?

A

It allows the blood from the pulmonary artery to enter the aorta and bypass the lungs

18
Q

What does the Umbilical Vein form after birth?

A

The Ligamentum Teres

19
Q

What does the Ductus Venosus form after birth?

A

The Ligamentum Venosum

20
Q

What happens if there is an Ostium Premium Defect?

A

The ostium primum doesn’t close

21
Q

What is the result of an ostium primum defect?

A

Nothing

22
Q

What happens if there is an ostium secundum defect?

A

The ostium secundum doesn’t close

23
Q

What is the interventricular septum formed by?

A

The Muscular Septum and the Membranous Septum

24
Q

What is required for correct ventricular septation?

A

Spiral septation and a division of vessels equal in length

25
Q

Are Ventricular Septal Defects acyanotic?

A

Yes, blood re-enters the pulmonary circulation

26
Q

What causes the Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

The unequal division of the truncus anteriosus

27
Q

What is Persistent Truncus Arteriosus?

A

The truncus arteriosus fails to properly divide

28
Q

What is the result of Persistent Truncus Arteriosus?

A

Blood gets mixed as it exits the heart as one common ventricular outlaw tract by both sides

29
Q

What is Transposition of the Great Arteries?

A

The Truncus Arteriosus is not spiraled

30
Q

What is the result of Transposition of the Great Arteries

A

Deoxygenated blood enters circulation while oxygenated blood enters the lungs as the two main arteries carrying blood out of the heart are inversely positioned

31
Q

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

The Ductus Arteriosus fails to obliterate post-birth

32
Q

What is the result of Patent Ductus Artreriousus?

A

Blood gets mixed as it exits the heart

33
Q

What is Aortic Stenosis?

A

It is a narrowing of the left ventricle of the heart

34
Q

What is the result of Aortic Stenosis?

A

There is an increase in pressure within the heart to pump blood across a smaller opening

Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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