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5. Neuro > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

From fertilisation, what is the first clump of cells called?

A

Morula

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2
Q

What are more than 16 cells called?

A

Blastocyst

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3
Q

What happens after week 3?

A

Gastrulation

Trilaminar disc forms

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4
Q

What are the trilaminar disc layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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5
Q

What is neuralation?

A

Formation of embryonic NS

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6
Q

What happens in neuralation?

Whats formed?

A

Ectoderm undergoes differential mitosis
Forms midline groove called neural groove
Groove deepens and forms neural tube

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7
Q

What is also found along the neural tube?

A

Neural crest cells

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8
Q

What is the function of neural crest cells?

Where are they?

A

Develop into many cell types

Lateral to neural tube

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9
Q

What do neural crest cells differentiate into?

A

Brain and CNS

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10
Q

What does the rostral part of the neural tube develop into?

A

Superior portion

Brain and CNS

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11
Q

How fast does the rostral grow than the caudal?

A

The rostral part grows faster than the caudal

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12
Q

What does the caudal develop into?

A

The spinal cord

Inferior portion

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13
Q

What happens by the 5th week of development?

A

3 primary brain vesicles form

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14
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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15
Q

When does further differentiation occur to form the secondary brain vesicles?

A

By week 7

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16
Q

What does the prosencephalon go into?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

17
Q

What does mesencephalon go into?

A

Stays as mesencephalon

18
Q

What does rhombencephalon go into?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

19
Q

What part of the brain does telencephalon form?

A

Cerebral cortex & lateral ventricles

20
Q

What part of the brain does diencephalon form?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, third ventricles

21
Q

What part of the brain does mesencephalon form?

A

Midbrain and aqueduct

22
Q

What part of the brain does metencephalon form?

A

Cerebellum, pons and upper part of 4th ventricle

23
Q

What part of the brain does myelencephalon form?

A

Medulla oblongata and lower part of 4th ventricle

24
Q

When does the neural tube close?

A

At the end of 4th week

25
Q

What happens in failure for the tube to close in the
Spinal cord
Cephalic region (brain)

A

Spina bifida

Anencephalus

26
Q

When is the eye formed?

A

By week 3

27
Q

When is there cerebral expansion and commissures?

A

10 weeks

28
Q

When is basic structure established?

A

3 months

29
Q

When does myelination begin?

A

5 months

30
Q

When do lobes cerebrum form?

A

7 months

31
Q

When do the gyri/sulci form?

A

9 months

32
Q

When do risks of eye malformations take place?
Deafness?
Cardiac malformation?

A

6th week
9th week
5th to 10th week

5. Neuro (16 decks)

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