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5. Neuro > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

Collections of cell bodies in CNS are called nuclei

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2
Q

What is the peripheral NS?

What are the 2 types of nerves found in the PNS

A

Nervous system outside the CNS

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there and what do they make connections between?

A

12 pairs and make connections between brain/brainstem to head/neck

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4
Q

How many pais of spinal nerves are there and what do they make connections between?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Between the spinal cord and periphery(organs, glands,muscles,skin)

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5
Q

What are cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

Ganglia

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6
Q

What does the autonomic NS control?

A

Control viscera, smooth muscle, glands, heart
Beyond conscious control
Parts in CNS and PNS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Fibres run in peripheral nerves, including some cranial nerves

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7
Q

What vertebral levels does the sympathetic trunk run from?

A

T1 to L2/3

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8
Q

Where does the parasympathetic NS run from?

A

From brainstem (via CNS) and sacral cord

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9
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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10
Q

What are the different types of nerve fibres?

A

Sensory

Motor

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11
Q

What are the types of sensory fibres?

A

Somatic-derived from somites eg, skin, muscle
Special-olfaction, visual, balance, taste, position & hearing
Autonomic-blood pressure, CO2 levels, light coming into the eye

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12
Q

What are the types of motor fibres?

A

Somatic eg, skin, muscles

Autonomic-smooth muscle, cardiac, adrenal glands

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13
Q

Which nerves are sensory, motor or both?

A 
Some
Say
Money
Matters
But
My 
Brother
Says
Big
Brains 
Matter
More
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14
Q

Which 4 nerves are parasympathetic nerves?

A

10, 9, 7, 3

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15
Q 
Olfactory
Fibres?
Function?
Origin/pathway?
Extra?
A

Sensory
Sense of Smell
Olfactory bulb/epithemium —> cribriform plate —> uncus of temporal lobe
Commonly damaged in fractures to anterior cranial fossa

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16
Q 
Optic
Fibres?
Function?
Origin/pathway?
Extra?
A

Sensory
Vision
Retina, optic canal, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate body, primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)

17
Q

How to test the opthalmic nerve?

A

Test each nostril with a strong characteristic smell

18
Q

How to test the optic nerve is working?

A

Visual fields
Pupil reflexes
Visual acuity
Fundoscopy (look into eye with intrument)

19
Q 
Occulomotor
Fibres?
Function?
Origin/pathway?
Extra?
A

Motor & Parasympathetic

Motor:Innervates medial, superior and inferior rectus, inferior oblique and levator palpabrae superioris

Parasympathetic: pupil constriction, accomodation, lacrimal gland

Carries parasympathetic fibres from the edinger-westphal nucleus, nerves exit at the junction between the midbrain and pons, close to posterior cerebral arteries, passes along wall of cavernous sinus, though superior orbital fissure

20
Q

Pupil dilation is …

Pupil constriction is…

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

21
Q

How to test occulomotor nerves work?

A

Test eye movements

Test pupillary light reflex

22
Q 
Trochlear
Fibres?
Function?
Origin/pathway?
Extra?
A

Motor
Innervates superior oblique

Nuclei in midbrain, nerves exit dorsally, course anteriorly, along cavernous sinus, through superior orbital fissure

23
Q

Damage to the trochlear will cause what?

A

Double vision as they look down

24
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal?

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

25
Q

What is the trigeminal nerve attached to?

A

The pons

26
Q

Opthalmic
Fibres?
Exits through?
Function?

A

Senory
Superior orbital fissure
Sensory from eye and upper face

27
Q

Maxillary
Fibre?
Exits through?
Function?

A

Sensory

Foramen rotundum

28
Q

Mandibular
Fibre?
Exits through?
Function?

A

Motor and sensory
Foramen ovale
Motor for mastication
General sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue and inside cheek

29
Q

Where do the trigeminal afferents meet?

A

At meckel’s cave

30
Q

How to test trigeminal works?

A

Sesnation to face
Muscles of jaw
Jaw jerk
Corneal reflex

31
Q

Abducens
Fibre?
Function?
Origin and pathway?

A

Motor
Innervates lateral rectus
Nuclei in pons, nerves exit at pontomedullary junction, through cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure

5. Neuro (16 decks)

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