Embryogenesis Flashcards
What is the importance of primitive streak and what cells forms this?
The primitive streak is the step to gastrulation where cells will line up to determine the anterior/ posterior and dorsal and ventral sides. It will give rise to 3 germ layers. Epiblast cells form primitive streak.
Name a clinical application of stem cell research
Clinical application is called regenerative medicine where repairs and replaces damaged tissues.
What are blastocyst?
After the miotic cell is fertilised, it undergoes rapid cell division (without growth). As it does, it forms a morula which are a ball of cells. This morula then is formed into another structure called blastocysts which are HOLLOW structures.
What are trophoblasts and what do they make?
Outer structure of cells that are sticky, due to the implantation process in the endometrium (lining of the uterus). They make the chorionic vili.
What happens after the 3 germ layers are established?
The process of organogenesis.
What does the chorionic villi do?
The chorionic villi facilitate nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the developing fetus through the placenta.
What are the 3 germ layers and what do they give rise to?
Ectoderm gives rise to nervous and intgumetnary, the mesoderm is for the muscular, circulartory and skeletal. Endoderm is for internal organs such as developing the gastrointestinal tract.
What distinguishes totipotent from pluripotent stem cells?
Totipotent cells can form both the embryo and extra embryonic structures like the placenta. Pluripotent cells can form all body tissues but not extra embryonic tissues.
What is gastrulation?
Gastrulation is the movement and invagination of cells in the embryonic disc around the primitive streak. This process establishes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm — the three primary germ layers that will give rise to all body tissues and organ.
Describe the steps of Embryonic Development.
Fertilization, Cleavage, Morula, Blastocyst, Implantation
What does the greatest differentiation potential mean?
The ability to become any cell type.
What does differentiated cell mean?
Specialised cells. They have limited divisions.
What is the correct sequence of pathway the sperm cell takes in fertilising the oocyte?
Corona radiata, Zona pellucida, Plasma membrane of secondary oocyte, Cytoplasm of secondary oocyte
