Structural Organisation Flashcards
What are the three main layers of the integumentary system?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
These layers work together to protect internal systems and provide structure.
What is the function of the epidermis?
Protects the internal system from the external environment
It shields against UV radiation and bacteria.
What is the middle layer of the skin called?
Dermis
It contains special structures like nails, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
What structures are found in the dermis?
- Nails
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Hair follicles
- Sensory receptors
These structures contribute to the functionality of the skin.
What does the hypodermis primarily store?
Fat
Fat is stored in the form of triglycerides.
These organs collaborate to process food.
What does organismal refer to?
How different organ systems work together
It describes the overall function of a living thing.
What systems work together during organismal respiration?
- Respiratory system (lungs)
- Circulatory system (heart)
- Muscular system
These systems help the body inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
What is the epidermis made up of?
4/5 layers of epithelial cells.
What is the primary function of axial skeleton?
It carries the weight of the upper body, distributing it to the lower limbs.
Axial skeleton protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.
What do appendicular muscles support?
Arms, legs, shoulders, and hips
These muscles facilitate movement.
What are tendons?
Long connective fibrous tissues that attach muscle to bone
The Achilles tendon connects calf muscles to the heel bone.
Define aponeuroses.
Flat sheets of connective tissue connecting muscle to muscle or broad bone surfaces
They serve as a means of muscle attachment.
What constitutes the skeletal system?
Bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments
It serves as the body’s support structure.
What does the axial skeletal system protect?
The brain, heart, lungs, and spinal cord
It also carries the weight of the upper body.
What is the function of bone marrow?
Production of red blood cells and fat storage
Red marrow produces red blood cells; yellow marrow stores fat.
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve
It controls thoughts, sensation, and memory.
What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?
Connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body
It facilitates communication between the CNS and peripheral organs.
What is the main role of the endocrine system?
Releases hormones into the system
It regulates growth, development, metabolism, reproductive functions, and homeostasis.
What do lymphatic vessels carry?
Lymph instead of blood
They are involved in draining extra fluid from the blood.
What do lymph nodes do?
Filter out toxins and respond to threats
They contain T and B cells.
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Pumps blood throughout the body
It transports blood, oxygen, nutrients, and other substances.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
It involves the lungs and air passageways.
What organs make up the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands
It breaks food down into nutrients while eliminating waste.
