Embryo Exam II Flashcards
What is working as lungs in embryo?
placenta
What is persistent truncus arteriosus?
PTA is partial development of AP septum. PTA is usually by VSD.
(congenital heart defects)
When would I see a “blue” baby?
congenital heart defects… marked cynosis (Rt-lt) shunt
PTA (persistent truncus arteriosus)
What is transposition of great vessels?
nonspiral development of AP septum
incompatible with life unless shunt like VSD, patent forament ovale or patent ductus arteriosus exists
What is the tetralogy of Fallot? (congential heart defects)
PROVE Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy Overriding Aorta Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
marked cynosis (Rt-lt shunt)
Describe fetal circulation:
Fetal structure given, give adult remnant:
- right and left umbilical arteries
- left umbilical vein
- ductus venosus
- foramen ovale
- ductus arteriosus
adult remnant:
- right and left umbilical arteries - medial umbilical ligaments
- left umbilical vein - ligamentum teres
- ductus venosus - ligamentum venosum
- foramen ovale - fossa ovale
- ductus arteriosus -ligamentum arteriosum
What do the following aortic arches give?
3, 4, 6 (left side)
3- common carotid and first part of internal carotid arteries
4 - aortic arch on left, subclavian artery on right
6 left side- left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus
Define the following common embryological terms:
recanalization:
stenosis:
atresia:
Recanalizatoin: re-open the lumen/gut tube
Stenosis: partial/narrowing of the lumen/gut tube
Atresia: complete closure of the lumen/gut tube
Midgut rotation.
counter-clockwise rotation of midgut 270 degrees total
super superior mesenteric a. as axis
When does physiological hernation occur.
in development of midgut
happens in intestine between weeks 6-10
Describe the following congenital anomaly: Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum.
remnant of vitelline duct
Describe the congenital anomaly: omophalocele
result from failure of return of the intestine to the abdominal cavity.
Describe the cloaca.
expanded terminal part of hind gut
receives the allantois
divided by urorectal septum
mainly endoderm (any gut tube is endoderm)
What does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into?
urogenital sinus (anterior) and anal canal (posterior)
What are urinary bladder and trigone area?
kidneys and gonads?
urinary bladder should be endoderm
trigone area, kidneys, and gonads are mesoderm
Describe the mesonephros:
mesonephric tubules
excretory organs that in males give vas deferens, epididymis and ejaculatory ducts
What do the mesonephric ducts give?
uteteric bud and trigone
The metanephros lead to permanent kidney and develop from what two sources?
ureteric bud- ureter, renal pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules
metanephrogenic blastema- nephrons (functional unit of kidney)
Describe the urinary bladder.
continuous with allantois, urachus, median umbilical ligament
as bladder enlarges, distal parts of mesonephratic ducts are incorporated into its dorsal wall (trigone of the bladder)
all endoderm (urogenital sinus) except trigone (mesodermal)
