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SHB Exam II > Abdomen I > Flashcards

Abdomen I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the layers of the peritoneum.

A

serous membrane

parietal - lines anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal walls, lower surface of diaphragm and pelvic cavity

visceral- surrounds the abdominal viscera

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity subdivided into?

A

greater sac and lesser sac (Omental bursa)

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3
Q

Describe the greater sac of peritoneal cavity.

A

accounts for most of the space of peritoneal cavity (once you open the peritoneum in cadaver you are in greater sac)

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4
Q

Describe the lesser sac (Omental bursa)

A

small space posterior to lesser omentum, stomach, liver and inside the greater omentum

stomach rotation and growth of liver is main reason for this sac

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5
Q

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate with each other?

A

Epiploic foramen or Foramen of Winslow’s

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6
Q 
What do I call peritoneal folds that are completely covered?
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
organ as liver or spleen
A 
Intraperitoneal
stomach- omentum
small intestine - mesentery
large intestine - meso-colon 
organ as liver or spleen- ligament
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7
Q

What do I call partially covered peritoneal folds?

A

retroperitoneal

SAD PUCKER

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8
Q

Describe the following peritoneal fold:

Ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum connects an organ with another or anterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

Describe the following peritoneal fold:

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum results from the invagination of the peritoneum by the intestine

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10
Q

Describe the following peritoneal fold:

omentum

A

double layer of peritoneum passing from the stomach and first part of duodenum to adjacent organs.

greater omentum- greater curvature of stomach
lesser omentum- lesser curvature of stomach

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11
Q

What does retroperitoneal refer to/mean?

A

some organs developed already posterior to the viscera (retroperitoneal)

some organs come to lie posterior to the viscera during development so they became retroperitoneal

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12
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A 
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd 3rd and 4th)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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13
Q

What are the three parts the gut tube is divided into? What arteries supply each one?

A

foregut - celiac trunk - T12
midgut - superior mesenteric artery - L1
hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery - L3

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14
Q

Describe the three arteries that supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut

A

all three are single unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

all three arise from anterior surface of abdominal aorta

the branches of these arteries anastamose with each other, providing alternative routes of arterial supply

foregut - celiac trunk - T12
midgut - superior mesenteric artery - L1
hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery - L3

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15
Q

Name the organs of the foregut.

A 
stomach
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
spleen
1st half duodenum
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16
Q

Describe the arteries of the foregut.

A 
celiac trunk - it is the first of the unapired branches of the abdominal aorta
it ends by dividing into 3 branches: 
splenic a. 
left gastric 
common hepatic a.
17
Q

Describe the organs of the midgut.

A 
2nd half of the duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
2/3 transverse colon
18
Q

Describe the arteries of the midgut.

A

superior mesenteric:
ileocolic
right colic
middle colic

19
Q

Describe the organs of the hindgut.

A

left 1/3 of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

20
Q

Describe the arteries of the hindgut.

A

inferior mesenteric:
left colic
sigmoid branches
superior rectal

21
Q

Describe the left gastric artery of the celiac trunk:

Where does it enter?
What branches does it give?
How does it end?

A

runs upwards to enter the lesser omentum

gives esophageal and gastric branches

ends by anastomosing with the right gastric

22
Q

Describe the splenic artery of the celiac trunk:

Where does it run along?
How does it end?
What does it give off?

A

runs along the superior border of pancreas - pancreatic branches. tortuous path.

ends by giving the spleen 5-6 terminal branches

gives short gastric and left gastro-omental (L gastroepiploic) arteries to the greater curvature of the stomach.

23
Q

Describe the common hepatic artery.

A

common hepatic first gives gastroduodenal (superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastro-omental)

then gives the hepatic proper which gives the right gastric

hepatic proper to right and left hepatic - cystic artery branch of Right hepatic a.

24
Q

Describe the omentum of the stomach.

A

greater omentum - stores fat, “policeman of abdomen” because it will try to prevent the spread of infection

lesser omentum

25
Q

What are the two components of the lesser omentum?

A

Ventral Mesentery!

hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament

26
Q

What are the four components of the greater omentum?

A

Dorsal Mesentery!

splenorenal ligament
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
gastrocolic ligament

27
Q

What are the three structures you could feel with your hand in the lesser omentum (in its free border)?

A

portal vein- posterior
hepatic duct/bile duct- right
hepatic artery- left

28
Q

Describe the 5 peritoneal ligaments of the liver.

A

4 attached to diaphragm and abdominal wall:
falciform ligament
coronary ligament
right and left triangular

attached to stomach by lesser omentum

29
Q

Describe the five fissures of the liver.

A

H-shaped

fissure for ligametum venosum - ductus venosus
fissure for ligamentum teres (round ligament) - obliterated umbilical vein
fossa of gall bladder
fissure for IVC
porta hepatis (between quadrate and caudate lobes…VAD=portal Vein, hepatic Artery, hepatic Duct)

30
Q

Describe porta hepatis of the liver.

A

lies transversely between the quadrate and caudate lobes. structures are arranged in VAD (portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct) from posterior to anterior

31
Q

Describe the blood (arterial) supply of the liver.

A

hepatic artery - 25%
portal vein - 75%

each divides into right and left branches
each gets 50% oxygen

32
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the liver.

A

venous… blood sinusoids… central veins…hepatic veins… IVC

33
Q

Describe the bilary system (tree).

A

cystic duct and main pancreatic duct

right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gall bladder and common bile duct (Ampulla of Vater opens on major duodenal papillae at the 2nd part of duodenum)

34
Q

Describe the gall bladder.

A

cystic duct- fundus, body, and neck

gall bladder is between the lateral border of the abdominis rectus and the 9th costal cartiliage

35
Q

What is the Sphincter of Oddi?

A

It is a layer of circular muscle surrounding the lower end of bile duct, pancreatic duct and ampulla, controlling the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions

36
Q

What is significant about broken ribs 9, 10, 11?

A

could mean ruptured spleen.

ribs 9, 10, 11 mark the spleen.

37
Q

What are the diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver?

A

anterior, posterior, superior

SHB Exam II (18 decks)

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