Anterior Thigh Flashcards
Which dermatome covers the knee?
L4
Describe the main arteries of the anterior thigh?
external iliac (changes name once crosses illium/pubis to femoral)
femoral a. (changes name to popliteal once goes through adductor hiatus)
profunda femoris a (deep femoral) (off femoral)
popliteal a.
Describe the superficial anterior and posterior veins.
anterior- greater saphenous vein (medial side, goes to femoral vein)
posterior side of leg- small saphenous vein (comes off popliteal v above knee)
Which are the two muscles that have dual innervation in anterior thigh?
pectineus (femoral and obturator) adductor magnus (obturator and tibial of sciatic)
Describe the three main nerves of the anterior thigh.
sciatic (tibial and fibular) -posterior
femoral- anterior
obturator- medial
Describe the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
flexion of thigh and extension of leg (femoral n)
vastus lateralis m. vastus intermedius m. rectus femoris m. vastus medialis m. sartorius m.
Describe the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh.
adduction of thigh (obturator n)
(deep femoral a and v.)
adductor longus m. adductor brevis m. adductor magnus m. gracilis m. obturator externus pectineus illiopsoas
Describe the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.
extension of thigh and flexion of leg (sciatic n)
short head of biceps femoris m. long head of biceps femoris m. sciatic n. semimembranosus m. semitendinosus m.
Describe the actions of the sartorius and rectus femoris.
both cross hip joint and act at the hip (flex thigh) and at the knee
(rectus femoris extends leg; sartorius flexes leg)
What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps.
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
(femoral n!)
What do the vastus muscles act to do?
only extend leg at knee. NOT hip flexion
Describe adductor longus, brevis, and magnus.
The three adductors are used in all movements where the thighs are adducted. They act as stabilizers during flexion and extension; Longus and Magnus are active during medial rotation; Ischiocondylar portion of Magnus aids the hamstrings in extending the thigh.
Describe gracilis muscle.
acts at both the hip and the knee, but is chiefly an adductor and medial rotator of the thigh (flexor of leg), and functions primarily during the swing phase of walking.
What is the adductor canal bounded by laterally, posteriorly, superiorly? What does it contain?
laterally by vastus medialis
posteriorly by add. longus and magnus
superiorly by Sartorius mm.
contains femoral A and V.
What do iliopsoas (and pectineus) act on?
only on hip joint
When does the femoral artery change its name?
when it slips through the adductor hiatus then changes name to popliteal
Describe the femoral triangle boundaries.
superiorly - inguinal ligament
laterally- sartorius muscle
medially - medial edge of adductor longus muscle
floor- iliopsoas, pectinueus, and adductor longus muscles
What is contained within the femoral triangle?
the terminal part of the femoral n., femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes (NAVL- from lateral to medial)
Describe the pathway of the femoral artery.
Is a continuation of the external iliac artery distal to the inguinal ligament; Continues down the anterior thigh through the adductor canal and runs through the adductor hiatus where it becomes the popliteal artery.
Describe the key branches of the femoral artery.
Deep femoral a. (see below)
Superficial epigastric a. - travels superiorly in the superficial fascia toward the umbilicus
Superficial circumflex iliac a. - extends superolateral toward the iliac crest, will anastamos with deep circumflex iliac a.
Superficial external pudendal a. - extends medially to the skin overlying the external genitalia
Deep external pudendal a. - deep to the superficial external pudendal a.
Descending genicular a. - branches just proximal to the adductor hiatus and descends into the knee
Describe the deep femoral artery.
Branches off the femoral a. 1-2 in from the inguinal ligament; Runs between the pectineus and adductor longus muscles as it descends the thigh.
What are the key branches of the deep fermoral artery?
Medial circumflex femoral a. - Travels medially and posteriorly to the pectineus m. and enters the gluteal region
SUPPLIES MOST OF THE BLOOD TO THE HEAD AND NECK OF THE FEMUR
Lateral circumflex femoral a. - Extends laterally deep to sartorius and rectus femoris mm.
Will give off a descending branch which will contribute to the genicular anastomoses
Perforating aa. - numbered 1-4 (superior to inferior) they pierce the adductor magnus m. and continue to the hamstrings
What three muscles insert on the same area below knee on tibia to form a fasica?
sartorius
gracilis
semitendineous
SGT FOT
