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GI > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

A double fold of peritoneum attaching intestines to the abdominal wall

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2
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the dorsal mesentery?

A
  • greater omentum
  • small intestine mesentery
  • mesoappendix
  • transverse mesocolon
  • sigmoid mesocolon
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3
Q

What comprises the greater omentum?

A

gastrosplenic, gastrocolic, gastrophrenic, and splenorenal ligaments

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4
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the ventral mesentery?

A
  • lesser omentum

- falciform, coronary, and triangular ligaments of the liver

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5
Q

What makes up the lesser omentum?

A

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

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6
Q

What does the ventral mesentery connect?

A

The foregut to the ventral wall from septum transverse to umbilical vein

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7
Q

What is an intraperitoneal organ?

A

Suspended by mesentery, in the peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

What is secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Initially suspended in mesentery but later fused with body wall

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9
Q

What are the derivatives of the foregut?

A

Esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

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10
Q

Describe stomach rotation

A

It dilates and rotates 90 degrees. The left side moves ventral, right side moves dorsally and the vagus nerve follows. Turn the bus!

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11
Q

Where does the lesser sac move during stomach rotation?

A

It moves posterior to the stomach

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12
Q

What enlarges to form the greater omentum?

A

The dorsal mesogastrium

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13
Q

What gradually hypertrophies in pyloric stenosis?

A

The muscularis externa

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14
Q

Why can the pyloric sphincter not relax during pyloric stenosis?

A

Faulty migration of neural crest

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15
Q

In the liver, what does the endoderm become?

A

Hepatocytes, bile ducts, and hepatic ducts

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16
Q

In the liver, what does the splanchnic mesoderm become?

A

Stromal cells, kupffer cells (immune), and stellate cells (supporting)

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17
Q

What kind of organ is the liver?

A

Hematopoietic

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18
Q

What does the cystic diverticulum form from?

A

The common bile duct/hepatic diverticulum

19
Q

What is biliary atresia?

A

Obliteration of the extra hepatic or intrahepatic ducts. Inflammation replaces the ducts with fibrotic tissue.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of biliary atresia?

A
  • Dark urine
  • White stool
  • Progressive jaundice
  • Poor prognosis
21
Q

What is the treatment for biliary atresia?

A

Liver transplant

22
Q

During what week does the spleen form?

A

Week 5

23
Q

Where does the spleen get its vascular supply from?

A

The celiac trunk

24
Q

What embryonic layer is the spleen made of?

A

The mesoderm

25
Q

After midgut rotation, where is the transverse colon in relationship to the duodenum

A

It should be infront of it!

26
Q

Does omphalocele have peritoneal covering of the herniated organs?

A

Yes

27
Q

Omphalocele risk is increased with what genetic conditions

A

trisomy 13 (patau) and 18 (Edwards)

28
Q

Is gastroschiscis covered with peritoneum?

A

No

29
Q

What is the outcome of malrotation of the midgut loop?

A

The initial 90 degree turn occurs, but the last 180 does not.

Results in left sided colon and right sided small intestines

30
Q

Reverse gut rotation

A

Completion of the initial 90 degree counterclockwise rotation, but the following 180 degrees is clockwise.

Results in the transverse colon being posterior to the duodenum

31
Q

What is duodenal stenosis?

A

Partial occlusion of the lumen due to incomplete recanalization

32
Q

What is duodenal atresia?

A

Failure to recanalize, completel occlusion of the lumen.

33
Q

What is duodenal atresia associated with?

A

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

34
Q

What is jejunal, ileal stenosis/atresia due to?

A

Vascular insufficiency

35
Q

What symptom is ileal atresia/stenosis associated with?

A

Abdominal distension

36
Q

What is imperforate anus

A

Opening to the anus is missing/blocked due to persistent anal membrane

37
Q

The upper 2/3 of the rectum is from what germ layer?

A

Endoderm

38
Q

The upper 2/3 of the rectum is supplied by what?

A

Superior rectal a (from IMA)

Superior rectal v (to IMV -> portal vein)

39
Q

What innervates the upper 2/3 of the rectum?

A

Lumbar and pelvic splanchnic nerves

40
Q

The lower 1/3 of the rectum is from what germ layer?

A

Ectoderm

41
Q

The lower 1/3 of the rectum is supplied by what?

A

Inferior rectal a and v

42
Q

What innervates the lower 1/3 of the rectum?

A

Pudendal nerve branches

43
Q

What is imperforate anus?

A

Opening to anus is missing or blocked due to persistent anal membrane

GI (8 decks)

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