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Repro Final Exam > EMB-Genitals > Flashcards

EMB-Genitals Flashcards

1
Q

what are the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts derivatives of?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

what arises from the endoderm in the genitals?

A

anything that comes from the urogenital sinus

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3
Q

what is the function of SRY?

A

acts on stromal support cells –> testes formation –> sertoli cells –> leydig cells –> testosterone (internal male development) –> DHT (external male genetalia)

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4
Q

what is responsible for sex determination?

A

+SRY male

-SRY female

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5
Q

describe the development of the mesonephric duct in males

A

SRY –> testes –> leydig cells–>testosterone –> supports growth of mesonephric duct

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6
Q

describe the development of the paramesonephric duct in males

A

SRY –> testes –> sertoli cells –> AMH (aka MIS) –> paramesonephric duct regresses

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7
Q

describe the development of the mesonephric duct in females

A

no SRY –> no testes –> no leydig cells –> no testosterone –> mesonephric duct regresses

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8
Q

describe the development of the paramesonephric duct in females

A

no sry –> no testes –> no sertoli cells –> no AMH –> paramesonephric duct persists

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9
Q

what arises from somatic support cells, primordial germ cells, and mesenchyme of females? (in that order)

A

follicle cells
oocytes
paramesonephric duct

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10
Q

what are the derivatives of the paramesonephric duct?

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus (and cervix)
Vagina (upper 1/3)

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11
Q

what is the contribution of the urogenital sinus in females? what germ layer is this?

A

bulbourethral glands
greater vestibular glands
lower 2/3 of vagina
membranous urethra

endoderm!

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12
Q

how does the external genitalia come about

A

proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the clocal membrane produces primordial tissues of the genitalia

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13
Q

what week does external genetal formation start?

A

week 7

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14
Q

when can you tell male from female external genetalia

A

week 12

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15
Q

what is DHT responsible for in males

A

lengthening of genital tubercle and fusion of labioscrotal swellings –> penis growth

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16
Q

what is estradiol responsible for in females?

A

external female development

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17
Q

what arises from somatic support cells, primordial germ cells, and mesenchyme of males? (in that order)

A

sertoli cells
spermatagoina
mesonephric duct

18
Q

what structures are derived from the mesonephric duct?

A 
SEED
seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct
epididymus
ductus deferens
19
Q

what are the contributions of the urogenital sinus in the male? what germ layer is this?

A

prostate
prostatic urethra
bulbourethral gland

endoderm

20
Q

what does the genital tubercle form in the male?

A

glans penis
body of penis
corpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum

21
Q

what does the genital tubercle form in the female?

A

glans clitorus

22
Q

what do the genital folds form in the male?

A

ventral penis

penile raphe

23
Q

what do the genital folds form in the female?

A

labia minora

24
Q

what are the labioscrotal swellings in male?

A

scrotum

scrotal raphe

25
Q

what are the labioscrotal swellings in female?

A

labia majora and mons pubis

26
Q

what forms the ovarian and uterine ligaments

A

superior and inferior gubernaculum

27
Q

what is the male homolog to the glans clitoris?

A

glans penis

28
Q

what is the male homolog to the vestibular bulbs?

A

corpus spongiosum and cavernosum

29
Q

what is the male homolog to the greater vestibular glands?

A

bulbourethral gland

30
Q

what is the male homolog to the urethral and paraurethral glands?

A

prostate

31
Q

what is the male homolog to the labia minora?

A

ventral shaft

32
Q

what is the male homolog to the labia majora?

A

scrotum

33
Q

newborn has normal male external and internal genitalia, however it is also found he has a small uterus and some fallopian tubes. how can this be?

A

he has persistant mullerian duct syndrome
caused by a mutation in AMH or its receptor

males normal stuff happens but the paramesonephric duct persists

34
Q

patient comes in and looks like a lady with secondary female sex characteristics and female external genitalia but has male genetics. The vagina is short and has a blind end. it is also found they have small testis in the labial region. why is this?

A

they have androgen insensitivity

lack of testosterone/DTH sensitivty inhibits male external genitalia and makes internal genitalia rudimentary.

they still produce AMH from the sertoli cells so the paramesonephric duct is inhibited

35
Q

baby is born with ambiguous genitalia and normal male internal genitalia. how can this occur?

A

5a reductase deficiency.

no conversion of testosterone to DHT –> external doesnt develop but internal still does cause testosterone

36
Q

a female genotype comes out with ambiguous genitalia, she also has enlarged adrenal glands, why

A

21a hydroxylase deficiency, no cortisol –> more ACTH –> adrenal hyperplasia

also too many androgens causing weak virilization

37
Q

what causes a septate uterus?

A

incomplete resorption of uterine septum

38
Q

what causes a bicornate uterus

A

incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

39
Q

what causes uterus didelphys?

A

complete lack of fusion of paramesonephric ducts

40
Q

what causes hypospadias and what is it? associated with?

A

urethra opens in ball side of penis

incomplete closure of urogenital folds

cryptorchidism

41
Q

what is epispadias? what causes? associated with?

A

urethra opens on outward side of penis

improper positioning of the genital tubercle

extrophy of bladder

Repro Final Exam (7 decks)

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