EMALB Guidelines Flashcards
Steps to rescue scene evaluation
- Hazards
- Environment
- Mechanism of injury
- People
Purpose of rescue scene evaluation
to ensure that the scene is
safe for the crew and patient and to provide
information about the nature and extent of the
patient’s injuries or condition.
Primary Survey Steps
- LOC
- Spinal Precautions
- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Rapid Body
- Survey interventions
▪ Skin
▪ Oxygen
▪ Airway
▪ Position - Transport Decision
Primary Survey purpose
to identify and
manage life- and limb-threatening injuries and
conditions.
Secondary Survey Steps
- History
- Vital signs
- Head-to-toe examination
- Functional inquiry (PCP)
Purpose of secondary survey
the secondary survey is to identify
the patient’s chief complaint, establish a baseline set
of vital signs and gather information about the
patient’s injuries and condition.
Steps to treatment
- Wound Care
- Fracture management
- Spinal management
- Burn management
- Management of specific injuries
and conditions
What does EMA consider a treatment?
first aid procedures that do not
require direct physician supervision.
What does EMA consider protocols?
Protocols allow the EMA to perform medical
procedures that are normally in the domain of a
physician.
Load and Transport steps
- Stretcher
- Reassessment
- Equipment
- Transport mode
- Notification
Records and Reports Steps
- Forms
- Reports
Records and Reports purpose
used to gather or give information regarding the patient’s status and treatment. Forms are used to record assessment and treatment of a patient
PAM Interventions - Cervical Spine Stabilization - Indications
- Meets NEXUS or Canadian C-Spine indications
- Obvious injury above the level of the clavicles
- Unconscious patient where trauma cannot be reasonably ruled out
PAM Interventions - Obstructed airway procedures - Indications
- Absence of respiration
- Inability to ventilate the patient
PAM Interventions - Airway maintenance and suctioning - Indications
- Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
- Presence of fluids or potential obstructions in upper airway
PAM Interventions - Ventilating the non-breathing patient - Indications
- Absence of respirations
PAM Interventions - Assisting inadequate or failing respirations - Indications
- Abnormally fast or slow respirations
- Distressed respirations
- Shallow or labored respirations, especially in the presence of decreasing
LOC, cyanosis, or decreased O2 Saturations.
PAM Interventions - Sealing open chest wounds - Indications
- Open chest wounds
PAM Interventions - Performing CPR - Indications
- Absence of carotid pulse
PAM Interventions - Controlling hemorrhage - Indications
- Major hemorrhage
PAM Interventions -Binding pelvis - Indications
- Suspected fracture due to mechanism or unstable pelvis, including shock
like symptoms with MOI.
PAM Interventions - Stabilizing fractures - Indications
- Suspected fractures
PAM Interventions - Oxygen - Indications
- Altered LOC
- Respiratory distress
- Pain
- Trauma
- Evidence of shock (e.g., tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, cyanosis)
PAM Interventions - Realigning limb fractures - Indications
- Fractured limbs that are grossly deformed or with no distal pulses
PAM Interventions - Gradual warming - Indications
- Hypothermia
PAM Interventions - Initiating cooling of burns - Indications
- Major burns
PAM Interventions - Rapid cooling - Indications
- Hyperthermia
Critical History Questions - MVA
- Location of patient
- Which vehicle was the patient in?
- How many vehicles involved
- Type of vehicle(s)
- Impact speed
- Exterior damage
- Interior damage/Compartment Intrusion
- Type of restraints
- Initial position and condition of patient
- Loss of consciousness
- Condition of other patients – fatality in same vehicle
- Vehicle equipped with airbags – were they deployed
Critical History Questions - Fall
- Where from
- Height
- Free fall or hit other objects during fall
- Landing surface
- Position of patient at impact – what hit first
- Initial position and condition of patient
- Has the patient moved or been moved since the incident?
- Any loss of consciousness
- Cause of fall
Critical History Questions - Pedestrian Struck
- What hit them – size, weight
- Velocity of vehicle
- What part of the vehicle hit what part of patient?
- Damage to vehicle
- Distance patient thrown
- Initial position and condition of patient
- Has the patient moved or been moved since the incident?
- Any loss of consciousness
- Condition of vehicle occupants
Critical History Questions - Stabbing
- Type of weapon/object
- Size – length and width of weapon
- Type of wound – slashed or stabbed
- Number of wounds
- Other injuries
- Initial position and condition of patient
- Loss of consciousness
Critical History Questions - Shooting
- Type of firearm
- Range
- Angle of shot
- Type of bullet if possible
- Entrance and exit wounds
- Initial position and condition of patient
- Loss of consciousness
