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ELS > ELS Q2 QUIZ 2 (NUN NOTES) > Flashcards

ELS Q2 QUIZ 2 (NUN NOTES) Flashcards

1
Q

A cells characteristics are determined by the type of _____ produced

A

proteins

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2
Q

protein’s functions is determined by

A

genetics

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3
Q

this is the most important of all because the carbohydrates we give are energy

A

proteins

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4
Q

various functions of proteins

A

catalyst, storage, transport, regulation, movement

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5
Q

what the body cannot make so we need to intake it

A

essential proteins

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6
Q

our bodies can produce the amino acids, even if we do not get it from the food we eat

A

non essential proteins

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7
Q

what structure of amino acids is the most functional

A

quaternary structure

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8
Q

accurate describing the chemical makeup of DNA and RNA

A

Albrecht Kossel

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9
Q

received the Nobel prize award for the discover of DNA structure (3D, double helix)

A

James D. Watson and Francis Crick

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10
Q

first to discover the double helix structure of DNA, X-ray diffraction

A

Rosalind Franklin

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11
Q

stores genetic information

A

nucleic acids

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12
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

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13
Q

3 parts of nucleotides

A

phosphate group pentose sugar, nitrogenous bases

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14
Q

kinds of pentose sugar

A

DNA or RNA

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15
Q

nitrogenous bases are divided into

A

purines and pyrimidines

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15
Q

Nitrogenous bases

A

adenine thymine cytosine guanine uracil

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16
Q

usually double ringed nitrogenous base

A

purine

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17
Q

purines

A

adenine, guanine

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18
Q

single ring nitrogenous base

A

pyrimidine

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19
Q

pyrimidines

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil

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20
Q

DNA base partners

A

cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine

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21
Q

RNA base partners

A

cytosine and guanine, adenine and uracil

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22
Q

backbone of DNA

A

phosphate group

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23
Q

where is DNA found

A

nucleus

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23
Q

where is RNA found

A

cytoplasm

24
Q

DNA or RNA: long term storage of genetic information

A

dna

25
Q

DNA or RNA: single helix

A

rna

26
Q

DNA or RNA: it is synthesized from dna

A

rna

27
Q

DNA or RNA: self replicating

A

dna

28
Q

DNA or RNA: used to transfer genetic info on organisms

A

rna

29
Q

dna to dna

A

dna replication

30
Q

dna to rna

A

transcription

once the dna is replicated, at the same time an RNA copy is also happening

31
Q

start codon

A

AUG (methane) there is no protein synthesis without this

32
Q

stop codons

A

UGA, UAG & UAA

33
Q

rna to proteins

A

translation

34
Q

DNA: TAC CAT ACT TAC
repDNA:

A

ATG GTA TGA ATG

35
Q

DNA: TAC CAT ACT TAC
mRNA:

A

AUG GUA UGA AUG

35
Q

DNA: TAC CAT ACT TAC
tRNA:

A

UAC CAU ACU UAC

36
Q

energy capture
process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the form of sugar (glucose)

A

photosynthesis

37
Q

stored energy in plants
long chains of glucose molecules in plants

A

starch

38
Q

long chains of glucose molecules in animals

A

glycogen

39
Q

formula of photosynthesis

A

CO2 +H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2

40
Q

found in most photosynthetic eukaryotes and plants. used for photosynthesis. main site where photosynthesis happens. makes energy

A

chloroplast

41
Q

found in most eukaryotes. used for cellular respiration. it breaks down glucose to make ADP

A

mitochondrion

42
Q
  • system that is suspended in the stoma and a collection of membranous sacs
  • where you can find chlorophyll
  • site of light dependent reactions
A

thylakoid

43
Q
  • the aqueous field
  • sight of light independent reaction
  • is a colorless alkaline aqueous protein rich fluid present int eh inner membrane of the chloroplast
A

stroma

44
Q
  • stacked thylakoid
  • where you can find stroma
A

granum

45
Q

factors that affect photosynthesis

A

light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature, water

46
Q

as the light increases, the ___ the rate of photosynthesis is especially in the light dependent reaction

A

greater

47
Q

as the carbon dioxide increases, the ___ the rate of photosynthesis is especially in the light dependent reaction

A

greater

48
Q

temperature to have a good rate of photosynthesis

A

25 to 30 degrees celsius

49
Q

important in the adequacy of water in the cell and on the opening and closing of

A

stomata

50
Q
  • Calvin cycle
  • takes place in the storm
  • do not require light energy because the dark reaction happens at night
A

light independent reaction

51
Q

This occurs in the stroma. Carbon dioxide is present in the stroma, as well as RuBP. These two need to be together. They will come together with the help of Rubisco, bringing them both together. And now, you can make 6 carbon molecules. RuBP has 15 carbons. Carbon dioxide has 3 carbons. This equals 18 Carbons. This is too big, so it needs to be divided into two. It becomes 3-Phosphoglyceric Acid / 6 3-PGA. This ends the process because it is now usable.

A

carbon fixation

52
Q

where does carbon fixation occur

A

stroma

53
Q

what are present in the stroma

A

carbon dioxide and RuBP

54
Q

how many carbons does RuBP have

A

15

55
Q

how many carbons does carbon dioxide have

A

3

56
Q

This equals 18 Carbons. This is too big, so it needs to be divided into two. it becomes

A

3-phosphoglyceric acid / 6 3-PGA

57
Q
A

ELS (4 decks)

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