ELS Flashcards
(1) It has liquid water.
(2) surface or lithosphere which includes the crust and the upper mantle; and
(3) It has atmosphere that shelters it from the worst of the sun’s rays.
EARTH
it is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface, primarily composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and other inert gases made the remaining 1%.
ATMOSPHERE
__%nitrogen and __%oxygen
78% and 21%
the zone of Earth where all forms of life exist: in the sea, on land, and in water.
BIOSPHERE
as the large ecosystem
BIOSPHERE
a very thin layer of the earth’s surface.
BIOSPHERE
the solid Earth, consisting of the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust. It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth.
GEOSPHERE
the water part of the Earth which circulates among oceans, continents, glaciers, and atmosphere.
HYDORSPHERE
Oceans cover __% of the Earth and contain __% of its water.
71% AND 97.5%
Earth’s spheres
geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
atmosphere (___), biosphere (_____), hydrosphere (____), and geosphere (____).
AIR-LIVING THINGS-WATER-LAND
The biosphere receives
gases, heat, and sunlight (energy) from the atmosphere.
mineral’s color may change depending on the surface.
color
color of mineral in powdered form
streak
minerals resistance to scratching
Hardeness
mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture
Cleavage
structure or habit
Crystalline
ability to allow light to pass through it. This is affected by chemical makeup of the mineral sample.
Diaphaneity/amount of transparency
how light is reflected off a surface
Luster
describes the minerals reaction to stress.
tenacity
ability of minerals to be slide by a knife
sectility
Petrology
study of rocks
formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates deep within the earth.
Igneous
forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine-grained) since the cooling process is fast.
Extrusive/Volcanic rock
It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma.
Intrusive/Plutonic
transformation of one rock type into another
metamorphism
It may happen when rock is buried deep below the surface of the earth.
Regional
the rock minerals and textures are changed mainly by heat due to contact with magma
contact
Exogenic Process
weathering - erosion - transport - deposition
is the separation and removal of weathered rocks due to different agents like water, wind, and glacier that causes transportation of the material to where they are deposited.
erosion
breakdown of rocks into pieces without any change in their composition.
mechanical/physical weathering
mechanical transfer of heat by vibration of atoms and molecules
conduction
is the transfer of heat by the movement of mass, and it is a more effective
mode of heat transport in the Earth than pure conduction.
convection
is the least important mode of heat transport in the Earth
radiation
Convection currents are identified in
Earths outer core and mantle
is composed of semi-liquid hot molten rocks located beneath the Earth, specifically in the melted mantle rock and oceanic plate
magma
formed by magma intrusion
igneous rock
They have a very high silica content; more than 65% of SiO2
● Before forming into igneous rocks, its magma has high viscosity, more viscous than the intermediate magma.
● They have light color.
● Their density is very low.
● They are composed of quartz and alkali feldspar.
● Examples of these rocks are granite and rhyolite
FELSIC IGNEOUS ROCK
They have a very high silica content; more than 65% of SiO2
● Before forming into igneous rocks, its magma has high viscosity, more viscous than the intermediate magma.
● They have light color.
● Their density is very low.
● They are composed of quartz and alkali feldspar.
● Examples of these rocks are granite and rhyolite
FELSIC IGNEOUS ROCK
formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground
EXTRUSIVE
rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.
INTRUSIVE
Rising the material in the mantle spreads alongside, carrying the seafloor away from the seafloor ridges in the center of the ocean basin.
SEAFLOOR SPREADING
is a plate boundary along which the relative motion between the two plates is parallel to the strike of the fault
transform fault
where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.
divergent
where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.
convergent
process creates layers of rock (strata).
Stratigraphy
method of arranging geological events base on the rock sequence
Relative dating
technique will you use in determining the numerical age of a rock or a fossil?
Absolute dating
is the age of a rock layer while absolute age is the numeric dating of a layer of rock.
Relative dating
was formed when soil and other Earth’s material are eroded and settle down forming one layer of Sediments
Sedimentary rock
Geologic Time scale subdivision
Eons, eras, periods, epochs
- called as “Age of Reptiles” where dinosaurs and giant reptiles roamed the earth
Mesozoic ERA
