ELM 10.2

Question 1

trepanation

Answer 1

boring holes in the skull

Question 2

experimental ablation

Answer 2

lesioning/destroying a specific part of the brain to study its function

Question 3

two ways to destroy brain regions

Answer 3

electrode - electrical current
cannula - excitatory amino acids (e.g. kainic acid)

Question 4

sham lesion

Answer 4

placebo procedure that duplicates all the steps of producing a brain lesion except for the one that actually causes the brain damage

Question 5

histological methods

Answer 5

group of procedures (including fixing, slicing, staining, and examining the brain) that aim to observe the location of the lesion

Question 6

Phineas gage was neuroscience’s ______ because his case was the first to _______

Answer 6

most famous patient
link brain trauma and personality change

Question 7

Dr. Penfield’s experiments in stimulating the ____ enabled him to develop a ________ known as the ______

Answer 7

cortex
complete map of the motor cortext
motor homunculus

Question 8

techniques for electrical recording/stimulation

Answer 8

electrophysiology : single/multiple cells
electroencephalogram (EEG)
deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Question 9

techniques for brain imaging

Answer 9

computerized tomography (CT) - x-rays
positron emission tomography (PET) - radioactivity
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - magnetic fields

Question 10

dbs is used for what disease to reduce tremors?

Answer 10

parkinsons