Elizabeth I Flashcards
What was Elizabeth’s character like?
Intelligent, cautious, pragmatic
Initial aims as Queen in 1558?
Religious stability, consolidate power as female Queen, secure finances and foreign policy success
Significance of calling herself Governor instead of Head?
Granted her power without usurping God
When and what was the Act of Supremacy?
1559 - Made Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the Church
When and what was the Act of Uniformity?
1559 - Established a modified Protestant Book of Common Prayer
What were the Royal Injunctions of 1559?
Clergy swear loyalty, set rules for worship, enforced some Protestant practices
Puritans and Calvinist beliefs?
Predestination and Elders instead of clergy
When was Elizabeth excommunicated by Pope Pius V?
1570
The 39 articles?
1583 - Defined the doctrine of the Church of England
Protestant beliefs?
English bible, Monarch Supreme governor, clergy can marry, plain decorations
Catholic beliefs?
Bible in Latin, 7 sacraments, priests can’t marry, decorated chapels and clothing, stained glass
Jesuits beliefs?
Transubstantiation
Explain the Ridolfi Plot?
1571 - Organized by an Italian banker, European support, planned for Mary and Duke of Norfolk to marry, aimed assassination of Elizabeth
Who uncovered the Ridolfi Plot plans?
Francis Walsingham
Explain the Throckmorton Plot?
1583 - French Duke of Guise marry Mary, invade England backed by Spain. Throckmorton arrested and executed
Explain the Babington Plot?
1586 - Planned to assassinate Elizabeth, replace Mary on the throne, Spanish backing
What did the Babington Plot result in?
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587
Typical Parliament discussions?
Taxation, legislation, marriage disputes and succession crisis
How many times did Elizabeth call Parliament?
13 times
Key advisors?
William Cecil, Robert Dudley and Francis Walsingham
Name of Scottish Protestants?
Lords of the Congregation
How much percent did the population rise by between 1550-1600?
43%
What was the result of population increase?
Pressure on limited resources such as grain
What treaty with France ended the war in 1550?
Treaty of Chateau-Cambresis
Relationship with France in the early years?
Initially at war during start of reign, lost Calais, protestants grew, backed out of war as too expensive
Relations with Scotland in the early years?
Sent support to Scottish Protestants, Queen Mary has legitimate claim to English throne
Years of one of the bad harvests?
1594-97
Act of Husbandry and Tillage?
1598 - protected tillage (crop farming) rather than husbandry (animal farming), it provided more employment
Treaty of Edinburgh 1560?
English and French troops withdraw from Scotland, Mary recognizes Elizabeth as Queen of England
When and what was the Treaty of Hampton Court?
1562 - Loaned Protestant Huguenots 140,000 crowns and 3000 troops for war against France
Treaty of Blois 1572?
English and French alliance promising military assistance
Treaty with France in 1564?
Treaty of Troyes - Fully giving up rights to Calais
Who instigated the Bartholomew’s Day massacre?
Queen Catherine de Medici
When was the plague during Elizabeth’s reign?
1563 (killed 20% of the population), 1583-6 and 1590-3
What ruined the Treaty of Bloise?
St Bartholomew’s day massacre of 13,000 Protestants in Paris
Examples of “undeserving” aid people in poverty?
beggars, criminals, migrants and former soldiers
Examples of “deserving” aid people in poverty
Too young/old, widows, blind, physically disabled
What were the three categories of the poor?
Deserving, underserving and the deserving able-bodied unemployed
When was the main Spanish Armada?
1588
How many times did the Spanish attempt an Armada?
4 times
Why did the Spanish Armadas fail?
Poor weather conditions, complete luck for the English mainly
When and who circumnavigated the globe?
Sir Francis Drake 1577-80
