elizabeth foreign policy Flashcards
summarise the situation in wales
- further integration of english culture
- vast poverty in wales, but the gentry prospered
- welshmen were implicated in the essex rebellion which signifies discontent at the end of reign
why did Mary QOS flee to england
a brief civil war was started after she married the earl of bromwell (who was implicated in the murder of last husband, earl of darnley) which made her the focus of catholic plots to remove elizabeth
effects of the excommunication of Elizabeth
- caused catholic plots against her (northern, ridolfi, throckmorton, parry and babington)
- catholics believed they didn’t have to obey the queen
- ridolfi plot - spanish also implicated
when and what was the Treaty at cataeu-cambresis
1559
- peace between france and england
- france would retain Calais for 8yrs
- no war = the return of Calais
- if the french don’t return, England receive 500,000 crowns
what causes John Knox to start a rebellion
- in scotland, 1559 after the french catholic Guises installed garrisons
- is a protestant rebellion with the lords of the Congregation
why and how did Elizabeth support Knox?
- reluctant, published “against the monstous regiment of women” 1558
- pushed by Cecil
- orignally just money and arms, but sent the Navy to block french reinforcements in Dec 1559 (failed but other factors removed the french)
what was the Treaty of Edinburgh
- ended the Auld alliance
- removal of all troops (french and english) from scotland
what caused England to lose Calais for good?
- Dudley pushed Elizabeth to ally with the protestant leader in France in 1562 - was religious conflict
- however both leaders were killed and the two factions turned on England and drove them out
- result - treaty of Troyes 1564
what was elizabeth’s position in ireland?
1560 - supreme governor of the church of Ireland
evidence that England had little control in Ireland
- martial law
- fortune hunter caused tension
- 3 rebellions, with Tyrone’s being the most significant
when was Tyrone’s rebellion?
1586-1603
events of tyrone’s rebellion
- spanish tried to join by including an Irish contingent in the armarda - failed but worried england
- tyrone’s catholics took control of most of ireland
- essex was sent in 1599 but made a truce
- lord mountjoy became the new lord lieutenan, crushed most rebels 1601
- official peace after Elizabeth’s death 1603
why was there tension between Spain and England in the 1560s
- Phillip II wanted spanish control of the (protestant) netherlands
- england wanted spanish wealth in the carribean - John Hawkins attampeted but was attacked by a spanish fleet in 1568
- spain encouraged northern rebellion and implicated in ridolfi
why did the dutch rebel?
elizabeth expelled the sea beggars in 1572
who was assassinated in 1584 and what did it cause
- protestant dutch leader William of Orange
- 1585 Dudley led 7000 troops to the netherlands and was named governor-general - angering phillip but he lost and resigned 1587
what was the treaty of Nonsuch
alliance with dutch protestants in 1585, promised military support because england relied on dutch ports and feared spanish power
what delayed the armarda by 12 months?
a 1587 raid on spanish boats in cadiz which destroyed 25-35 ships, supported by Elizabeth who received the stolen treasure
how did the armarda fail?
- english fireships scattered the boats after being spotted from cornwall
- change in wind direction forced them to sail around scotland
- storms resulted in 24 ships being lost
outcomes of the armarda
it united england, more catholics pledges alliegence to elizabeth and it strengthened the idea of a golden age
english successes in spain 1588-96
- sir francis vere replaced Leicester in the netherlands and expelled all spanish troops by 1594 with Maurice of Nassau
- made the north independent and south under sovereignty
- successfully captured cadiz in 1596, but no plan so burned the town and left in july
spanish and english invasion attempts 1596-1603
- phillip sent ships Autumn 96 - storms
- francis drake attacked panama but failed and died of dysentery
- essex sent to attack spanish harbour during tyrone’s rebellion 1597 - winds so searched for treasure
- spanish set sail for unprotected ireland - defeated by wind
- paranoia up to 1603
