Elizabeth book 2 Flashcards

Question

what did Elizabeth's council want from their foreign policy?

Answer 1

they wanted to peruse a protestant foreign policy full of glory and war. why? because they had the knowledge and the training and would be doing the actual fighting whilst E wasn't in the know and would reply upon them.

Answer 2

1567-HUGE spanish army in the netherlands (England is worried because that army could easily come to them) 1559 Valois-habsburg war ends holy roman empire-religious issues France-about to get some serious religious issues

Answer 3

1559: peace and calais to be returned in 8 years 1560: treaty of Edinburgh both guise and England agree to keep out of Scotland 1562:religious war begins-between huguenots and the catholics E agrees to aid Hugoenots (1560 treaty of hampton court) france unites and kicks them out (treaty of troyes) and Enlgand loses Calais forever 1570-1: marriage neogotiations betwen E and Anjou 1572: Treaty of Blois no more support for MQS, defensive pact against spain and mutual aid st bart's massacre (dudley etc want to do something-protestant foreign policy) E doesn't act on it wants to keep the treaty 1574:renews the treay of Blois with new french king 1578:Spanish troops doing well in NethLands Anjou gets involed (not for religion) E doesn't want this-makes England weak controls via finances he comes back dead 1584:protestant heir catholic league between Spain and Guise formed against him (treat of joinville 1585) wider aim-destory portestantism marriage idea isn't popular in england

Answer 4

- start of reign (1559) tecnically still at war-Calais - MQS was married to Frances-her Guise relatives strong in Scotland - French military in France-threat - 1564 Guise domination E intervenes (treaty of richmond) defeated - E's advisors want to help the Hugoenots - St Bart's - France in the NethLands in the 1570s -1581 Anjou offered sovereignty - marriage fears - 1580s catholic league 1585 treay of joinville confirms their union

Answer 5

- 1559 cateau cambresis face saving lose of calais - Civil war between Guise and Hugoenots-too busy - Treaty of Edinburgh - 1564 Treaty of Troyes lost calais more realistic defence policy - 1572 Treaty of Blois protection not MQS - St Bart's treaty of Blois(1572) continues - financing Anjou in nethlands ensures England is protected without a fall out

Answer 6

- Guise v power v catholic (court want a religious fp backing the hugoenots-e is not a fan) - Frances goes into civil war and E puts off getting involved for as long as possible-doesn't really last in the end treaty of troyes lose of calais

Answer 7

Spain:super power catholic with huge army in the nethlands needs france to help proetect treay of blois (1572) marriage with Anjou 1581 funds anjou in nathlands (conflict) but he dies in 1584 got ties but they're weak and only backs Anjou to make sure France doesn't dominate NethLands

Answer 8

if rance are incontrol of south nethlands thats bad for UK too too much french domination E had control of Anjou in the Nethlands through finances and marriage treaty pACIFICATION OF GHENT 1577 but anjou dies in 1584

Answer 9

1559- cateau cambresis calais in 8 years 1562: hampton court-help hugoenots 1564: treay of troyes lost calais -france united against the army she sent

Answer 10

- treaty of Edinburgh (1560) - treaty of Blois (1572) - renewing Blois even after st Bart's

Answer 11

Wernham: "consistent and ultimately successful" Wilson: "inconsistent and largely unsuccessful" McCaffrey: "react and imporvised" "lacked the power to shape events"

Answer 12

1566: Alva has a big army in the Netherlands E does nothing despite pressure 1568: sieze spanish money ships 1572:treaty of blois 1572: expelled Dutch beggars from england-they go spark a rebellion in Netherlands the rebels weren't very successful-e is under pressure to help 1575 spanish line hardens 1575:offers to act as a mediator 1576: pacification of ghent expulsion of all foreign troops (E was helping via anjou) the following year Spainsh troops go to the Netherlands-breaking the pacification of ghent 1578: finainced calvinist mecenarys to help the dutch 1579:marriage with anjou 1580: supports Drake and others annoying the spanish 1581: tries to stir up problems in Portugal 1582: pays for Anjou (make sure France doesn't have too much control) but he dies 1584: joinville between guis and spanish 1585: treaty of nosuch agree to help rebels

Answer 13

- doesn't want to support Calvinists - war is too dnagerous - spain and france will unite against - religious war not in nations interests - intervention in frances in 1563 (treaty of troyes) disaster - wait and see

Answer 14

- must help felloe portestants (religious fp) - netherlands dominated by catholics would be bad - scotland worked - take advnatge

Answer 15

- -don't get dragged into an expenssive war - remove alva - keep spanish sovereignty - don't let france take netherlands - restore old way of governing - keep up trade - religious tolerance

Answer 16

- set up trade - stole Spanish treasure - E knigts drake - spanish not happy

Answer 17

- E-security feared alva then parma - E supporting pirates eg knighting Drake - Spanish involved in plots - 1585 treaty of nosuch against the treay of joinville - 1563 trade embargo with netherlands

Answer 18

secure englands security prevent another amarda and super power attaking spain naval

Answer 19

1589 spain: destory the remians of the aramdarda and restore leader of portugal/stire things up for spain -attmpt to intercept treasure ships -mission failed:armada mixture of naval and comertial norris and drake get drunk and pillage looking more for loot and glory not sinking the ships these ships went on to the 1596, 1597 and 1599 armada army was too small to provoke a rebellion 1595:hawkin and drake die exploring little success historians condemn her for not being more aggressive

Answer 20

need france as an ally against spain whilst making sure rance doesn't get too strong method: supported protestant henry in 1589 in opposition of the catholic league who wished to implement the treaty of joinville sent all she could affrod in 1589 but in 1593 henry became a catholic 1598 france and spain peace overall alright france was strong enough to stand up to spain

Answer 21

aim: help dutch allies and force philip to compromise not surednder spanish sov to the french and keep spain from invading england 1585: treaty of nonsuch sent 7000 soldiers Liester didn't do a good job and the rebeles though E was trying to take over for herself 1585:famine and e stop parama's advances. they did ok because spanish troops were busy going to france and in 1586 preparing to invade england 1590s: dutch winning with help 1594: south under spanish control and england withdraws Doran: E's aims were ultimatley atchieved however it cost a lot

Answer 22

avioed spending money but remain in charge 1599 essex went to ireland and failed-he didn't do what E wanted army was too big conslusion: 25 000 troops 2 million expensive failing maccaffret "poison between the 2 islands" closlty failure

Answer 23

portestanmtism and independence were safeguarded | external factors were more important but policies helped

Answer 24

by defending her nation she did much to stem the tide of the counter reformation

Answer 25

aim:peace, but unable to because spain had more resources and Spain was determined to crusade against her enemies.Modern naval hists and essex crityised her fro not being more aggressive defence: 1588 defeat armada combo of english skills, home advantage, poor Spanish strategy, luck and weather. Threat continued 1589 destroyed by weather kept forces in home waters for 2 more attacks threat remained until 1604 Spain and empire-offence: aim: destory spainish empire etc. not enough-joined forces with portugal expensive fialing. Poor strategy failed to inspire rebellion in portugal and didn't intercept treasur fleets individuals did a bit attack on the west indies failed and drake died but did divert resoucrs got drunk and didn't remove the ships that were the next armada netherlands aims: keep france out and have spain as a backseat over lord keep spanish away from deep water ports-protect england 1585 treay of nonsuch and money doran: "ultimatley E's aims were atchieved southern spain semi-autonomous and nothern remianed free" but cost a lot France:helped Henry from the catholic league and parama's army even though Hnery convetred still ok because they could look after themsleves ireland: expensive and did nothing

Answer 26

neg: died at 70 poor health limited her final years less popular in her final years decline in political morality AGR pos: cult of E developed extremes died down she was respected and obeyed the privy council did as she said

Answer 27

neg:death of her favourites deprived her of good advice old ministers were replaced by their sons who were not as talented pos: Robert Cecil was able privy council although not as good remained effective

Answer 28

neg: essex as a favourite he was talented but an arse however she did want to balance out robert Cecil essex challenged E's authority looked bad-he ignored E over ireland too essex revolt although not a threat was embarrassing pos:crushed revolt with ease

Answer 29

neg: financial pressure: unable to reward ministers used monoplosies as a means of reward-they drove up prices v unpopular corruption increased because of less rewards pos: golden speech promised to stop monoploy

Answer 30

-war for 19 years neth: 2 mil ireland: 1 mil + france: 1 mil - Elton: incapable of conducting war -no financail reform that was needed ordinary income didn't match the price of war and inflation -war financed by: forced loans, selling crown lands. taxation cutting expenditure meant problems rewarding -less debt than spain only 350,000

Answer 31

neg: worst harvests death rate leapt to 21% decline in real wages and inflation increased unemployment increased living standards reached their lowest point pos: considering it was shit three weren't any rebellions and gov did what they could to help

Answer 32

neg: crime increased 1598 showed little sympathy for the poor 1598 act of relief helped those who were considered the deserving poor

Answer 33

haigh: "politically bankrupt" "30 years of illusion followed by 15 years of disillusion" ARG Smith "awaiting a new reign"

Answer 34

- war with spain lasted 1585-1604 and had been building up before that - campaigns in France, Netherlands and Portugal were expensive - naval war with Spain with a lack of resources - Spainish recovered 1688 armada for 3 others (96,97,99) - country wasn't happy

Answer 35

- war had exhausted spain "stemmed the tide of counter reformation" - france wasn't dominated by a strong catholic regime - netherlands north indie south: weak - scotland had been good - after 1588 spain hadn't been a real threat

Answer 36

-ineffective and weak little sucess outside towns and essex humiliated truce english authority collapsed spanish turn up in 1599 -lord mountjoy was good spanish were easily defeated -1603 sensible compromise

Answer 37

- cost was beyond normal crown revenue - commanders at sea lacked resources - taxes doubled - trade was hit - 600k of crown lands sold - monoploy system - inflation - corruption and bribery - financed 19 years of war - James only got 350 k of debt - royal expenditure was sensibly reduced - no real tax rebellion

Answer 38

- last years real hardship - death rate up 21% - increasing food prices - crime and disorder - inflation - unemployment - increased vagrancy - increased import of grain no rebellions - Jp increased power to deal with food shortages - charity - 1598 laws to help deserving poor

Answer 39

``` -essex revolt he had been a favourite he stromed out of court had been v popular essex didn't want to share power with cecil disaster in ireland quuen destroyed his credit he left court ran out of money started revolt and came to london -easily delt with ``` - never a real threat - e never allowed one to dominate which is why he was annoyed - cecil did a good job

Answer 40

- the cult developed - golden age of literature - portrait control

Answer 41

- increase in recusancy - catholic community surived - protestants lay low - seperatist chruch was growing in strength - after amarda english catholic were not a threat - -forced to outward conform - prebyterian movement collapsed - seperatists fringe - church was stronmg bancroft and the high comission etc