Elizabeth Assessment 1 Dates And Facts Flashcards
What year did mary queen of scots arrive in england
1568
What year was the revolt of the northern earls
1569
Where did Mary Queen of Scott’s claim to the english throne stem from in her heritage?
Her grandmother margaret tudor who was henry viiis sister
Why did mary flee to england in 1968
Mary was supposed to be involved in the killing of her husband, she was forced to abdicate and leave the throne to her son James
Why was mary’s claim to the throne popular amongst catholics
She was catholic with a claim to the throne
Why did elizabeth imprison mary
Elizabeth had to make sure the threat of invasion from the north was absent. If mary regained control in scotland she could invade, but if mary was allowed to roam free in england the scottish protestants could rebel
What conclusion did the jury reach in Mary’s 1568 trial
Inconclusive so that mary could remain imprisoned
Why did the norther earls revolt
The arrival of Mary QOS gave hope to the northern catholics.
Elizabeth had confiscated large land masses including the earl of northumberlands copper mines.
The power of nobles in the north had decreased because she established the council of the north to help her remain in control
They wanted to replace the privy council with men more sympathetic to the north
What did the revolt of the northern earls plan to do
The duke of norfolk conjured a plan to marry mary QOS and have her recognised as the heir
The plot was uncovered so the earls launched a desperate revolt to escape punishment
When did the earls capture Durham cathedral and what did they do
In november 1569 they held catholic mass at durham cathedral
After the mass in the catherdral where were the northern earls heading
To derbyshire where mary was being held
What happened to the esrls before they could reach mary
They were met with a 15000 strong royal army
How many northern rebels did elizabeth execute
400
Consequences of the revolt of the northern earls
It showed the danger that mary and other catholics posed to elizabeth
In 1570 the pope signed a papal bull that excommunicated elizabeth
Harsher laws were put in place for treason
Harsher treatment of catholics
The middle way essentially broke, people now had to choose between pope or queen
What was one major weakness of the revolt
Spanish infantry from the netherlands never arrived
What year was the ridolfi plot
1571
What year was the throckmorton plot
1583
What year was the babington plot
1586
Explain the ridolfi plot
Ridolfi-italian banker and papal spy
Organised plot to assassinate elizabeth and replace her with mary
Mary was to marry Norfolk
The spanish were to invade
Why did the ridolfi plot fail
William cecil uncovered the plot and its ties to mary
What did elizabeth do after the ridolfi plot was uncovered
Mary and norfolk were put on trial (ridolfi never returned to england). Norfolk was found guilty and executed in 1572 but elizabeth refused to sign mary’s death warrant in fear of undermining the divine right and provoking war
Explain the throckmorton plot
The duke of guise was to invade england, free mary and restore catholicism
Philip would provide financial support and the pope approved
Why did the throckmorton plot fail
Sir francis walsingham uncovered the plot by finding incriminating documents inside throckmortons house
He was executed in 1584
Significance of throckmorton
Re-emphasised the catholic threat was still present
Throckmortons documents included a list of catholic sympathisers whomst were executed
The fear was confirmed that the catholic threat was prominent
Life became much harder for catholics
How many catholics were imrpisoned after throckmorton
11,000
What was made punishable by death in 1585 after the throckmorton plot
Sheltering catholic priests
Explain the babington plot
Centred on the assassination of Elizabeth, the duke of Guise would invade england with 60,000 men and put mary on the throne with spanish and papal support
How many men did the duke of guise plan to invade england with in 1586
60,000
Why did the babington plot fail
Mary’s letters were being intercepted by walsingham. When babington proposed the plot in july 1586 walsingham held off to gain enough evidence.
When did babington propose his plot to mary
July 1586
Mary was put on trial and found guilty when?
October 1586
When was mary executed
Reluctantly, elizabeth signed her warrant in february 1587
What was the significance of the babington plot
Mary’s execution supposedly ended the domestic catholic threat but sparked a foreign one
There was mass arrests of recusants in england
Mary had named philip ii her heir prior to her execution
By now relations between spain and england had completely broken down due to danish conflict
What were elizabeths foreign policies
Developing and improving trade Enriching the economy Protecting the throne Preventing war if possible Protecting english borders
Who was england in an alliance with up until 1559 fighting the french
Spain
Why was elizabeth so keen to avoid war
Spain had a much more able army and better allies
Why was it hard for non spaniards to trade in the new world
They needed special licenses from spanish officials
What did elizabeth support the english in doing in the new world
Privateering
When was sir francis drake knighted
In 1581 upon the golden hind
What year was the genoese loan incident
1568- A spanish ship carrying a loan from genoese bankers harboured in an english port, elizabeth took the gold for herself
What did the genoese loan incident result in
An anglo-danish trade embargo
How much money did sir francis drake bring back after his privateering expeditionaries
400,000
How did elizabeth pressuries the spanish to relx harsh protestant treatment in the netherlands
Indirectly funded dutch resistance
Allowed priavteering
Perused anglo-french relations
Encouraged 3rd party dutch resistance
When was the treaty of joinville signed
1584
What did the treaty of joinville say
A treaty between france and spain to invest in the persuit of the persecution of heresy (protestants)
When was the treaty of nonsuch signed
1585
What did the treaty of nonsuch say
Anglo-Danish rebellian alliance against spanish colonials. Effectively put England at war with spain
What was drake ordered to do in 1585
Attack new world settlements
Why was the english campaign in the netherlands not successful
Elizabeth was never fully invested as she hoped to negotiate with spain
The earl of leceister, who led the english in the netherlands, was never fully funded
Leceister and elizabeth had different aims for the netherlands
What religious factors contributed to the launch of the armada
Treaty of joinville
The papacy wanting to rid of elizabeth since her excommunication in 1570
The numerous conspiracies that the papacy and spanish had been involved in
Mary’s execution
What political factors led to the launch of the armada
The treaties of non such and joinville
England was an asset to the spanish empire
An end to privateering if won
Philip as the heir to the throne
How did elizabeth provoke the armada
Knighting Drake Raiding new world/privateering Mary's execution Sheltering of sea beggars Genoese loan
How did english ship design contribute to the armadas defeat
John hawkins encouraged elizabeth to invest in the navy years before the armada
New galleons were built from the 1570s onwards, they were much more agile and could turn their guns on the spanish better
Short gun carriages meant gun reloading was much quicker
However englsnd only had 24 galleons
How did spanish supplied lead to the defeat of the armada
Drake’s Raid on cadiz meant that new inferior barrels had to be made for transporting food
The food would then perish much quicker and many soldiers ate perished food
Archaeological evidence shows that cannon balls were also of inferior quality
How did spanish planning and communication contribute to the armadas defeat
Philips plan needed medina sidonia to meet with parma to ferry spanish troops
Parma didnt control any deep sea ports and therefore had to ferry men from shore to ship, delaying an offense
Communication was poor as it had to travel by ship meaning that it took a week for parma to know sidonia was in the channel
How did english tactics contribute to the armadas defeat
The english could fire 6x faster and further away
The english chased the armada down the channel meaning sidonias fleet couldnt rendevouz with parmas
On the 6th of august the English sent fire ships to scatter the armada. When they re-engaged medina sidonia alone couldnt fend off the british
When was the battle of gravelines (fireships)
6th august 1588
How did luck play a factor in the armadas defeat
Winds scattered the armada 2 days after the battle of gravelines forcing them to retreat
Storms off the irish and scottish coasts sunk fleeing spanish ships
What were the consequences of the armada
It was the last major spanish threat to the throne, philip sent two further armadas in the 1590s but they both failed
The victory contributed to the british navy’s expansion which proved useful in the development of its colonisation and empire
Majorly boosted pro-elizabethan support
It seemed that God favoured the hand of the protestants not the spanish
When was throckmorton executed
1584
To what government did elizabeth want the netherlands returned to
Its 1548 givernment
What was the Spanish Fury
In 1576 spain couldnt afford to fund their war in the netherlands and therefore spanish soldiers went unpaid. The same soldiers, after months without pay ransacked dutch provinces.
When did the spanish fury happen
1576
What came as a result of the spanish fury
Catholic and portestant dutch united against spain and drew up the pacification of ghent
What did the pacification of ghent demand
All spanish troops were to be expelled from the netherlands
Restoration of political autonomy
And an end to religious persecution
How did elizabeth respond to the spanish fury
She agreed to send a loan of 100,000 to dutch rebels and at some point send an expeditionary force to ensure the pacification of ghent was agreed to
Did the pacificstion of ghent work
Yes, philips brother, don juan, arrived in the netherlands to agree to all terms
Did the pacification of ghent last
No, six months later Philip sent a new army to attack the dutch.
How did elizabeth respond to Philips invasion after the POG
She hired a mercenary army to fight the spanish. This is important as she couldnt be to blame seeing as it wasnt a royal army
What year did provy councellors urge elizabeth to directly intervene in the netherlands
1578
Why was 1584 a turning point in anglo spanish relations
Both alencon and william of orange died. Meaning that the Leader of the english and protestants were dead.
The odds were now more than ever against elizabeth
The treaty of joinville allied the french and spanish against dutch rebels and protestants
What happened in 1580 concerning Spain’s empire
Portugal was annexed along with its navy and wealth however remained autonomous
When did the Pope tell Spain to invade england
1585
