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Yr11 Summer Assessment 1 RC Mock > Elizabeth Assessment 1 Dates And Facts > Flashcards

Elizabeth Assessment 1 Dates And Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What year did mary queen of scots arrive in england

A

1568

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2
Q

What year was the revolt of the northern earls

A

1569

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3
Q

Where did Mary Queen of Scott’s claim to the english throne stem from in her heritage?

A

Her grandmother margaret tudor who was henry viiis sister

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4
Q

Why did mary flee to england in 1968

A

Mary was supposed to be involved in the killing of her husband, she was forced to abdicate and leave the throne to her son James

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5
Q

Why was mary’s claim to the throne popular amongst catholics

A

She was catholic with a claim to the throne

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6
Q

Why did elizabeth imprison mary

A

Elizabeth had to make sure the threat of invasion from the north was absent. If mary regained control in scotland she could invade, but if mary was allowed to roam free in england the scottish protestants could rebel

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7
Q

What conclusion did the jury reach in Mary’s 1568 trial

A

Inconclusive so that mary could remain imprisoned

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8
Q

Why did the norther earls revolt

A

The arrival of Mary QOS gave hope to the northern catholics.
Elizabeth had confiscated large land masses including the earl of northumberlands copper mines.
The power of nobles in the north had decreased because she established the council of the north to help her remain in control
They wanted to replace the privy council with men more sympathetic to the north

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9
Q

What did the revolt of the northern earls plan to do

A

The duke of norfolk conjured a plan to marry mary QOS and have her recognised as the heir
The plot was uncovered so the earls launched a desperate revolt to escape punishment

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10
Q

When did the earls capture Durham cathedral and what did they do

A

In november 1569 they held catholic mass at durham cathedral

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11
Q

After the mass in the catherdral where were the northern earls heading

A

To derbyshire where mary was being held

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12
Q

What happened to the esrls before they could reach mary

A

They were met with a 15000 strong royal army

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13
Q

How many northern rebels did elizabeth execute

A

400

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14
Q

Consequences of the revolt of the northern earls

A

It showed the danger that mary and other catholics posed to elizabeth
In 1570 the pope signed a papal bull that excommunicated elizabeth
Harsher laws were put in place for treason
Harsher treatment of catholics
The middle way essentially broke, people now had to choose between pope or queen

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15
Q

What was one major weakness of the revolt

A

Spanish infantry from the netherlands never arrived

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16
Q

What year was the ridolfi plot

A

1571

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17
Q

What year was the throckmorton plot

A

1583

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18
Q

What year was the babington plot

A

1586

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19
Q

Explain the ridolfi plot

A

Ridolfi-italian banker and papal spy
Organised plot to assassinate elizabeth and replace her with mary
Mary was to marry Norfolk
The spanish were to invade

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20
Q

Why did the ridolfi plot fail

A

William cecil uncovered the plot and its ties to mary

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21
Q

What did elizabeth do after the ridolfi plot was uncovered

A

Mary and norfolk were put on trial (ridolfi never returned to england). Norfolk was found guilty and executed in 1572 but elizabeth refused to sign mary’s death warrant in fear of undermining the divine right and provoking war

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22
Q

Explain the throckmorton plot

A

The duke of guise was to invade england, free mary and restore catholicism
Philip would provide financial support and the pope approved

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23
Q

Why did the throckmorton plot fail

A

Sir francis walsingham uncovered the plot by finding incriminating documents inside throckmortons house

He was executed in 1584

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24
Q

Significance of throckmorton

A

Re-emphasised the catholic threat was still present
Throckmortons documents included a list of catholic sympathisers whomst were executed
The fear was confirmed that the catholic threat was prominent
Life became much harder for catholics

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25
Q

How many catholics were imrpisoned after throckmorton

A

11,000

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26
Q

What was made punishable by death in 1585 after the throckmorton plot

A

Sheltering catholic priests

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27
Q

Explain the babington plot

A

Centred on the assassination of Elizabeth, the duke of Guise would invade england with 60,000 men and put mary on the throne with spanish and papal support

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28
Q

How many men did the duke of guise plan to invade england with in 1586

A

60,000

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29
Q

Why did the babington plot fail

A

Mary’s letters were being intercepted by walsingham. When babington proposed the plot in july 1586 walsingham held off to gain enough evidence.

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30
Q

When did babington propose his plot to mary

A

July 1586

31
Q

Mary was put on trial and found guilty when?

A

October 1586

32
Q

When was mary executed

A

Reluctantly, elizabeth signed her warrant in february 1587

33
Q

What was the significance of the babington plot

A

Mary’s execution supposedly ended the domestic catholic threat but sparked a foreign one
There was mass arrests of recusants in england
Mary had named philip ii her heir prior to her execution
By now relations between spain and england had completely broken down due to danish conflict

34
Q

What were elizabeths foreign policies

A 
Developing and improving trade
Enriching the economy 
Protecting the throne
Preventing war if possible
Protecting english borders
35
Q

Who was england in an alliance with up until 1559 fighting the french

A

Spain

36
Q

Why was elizabeth so keen to avoid war

A

Spain had a much more able army and better allies

37
Q

Why was it hard for non spaniards to trade in the new world

A

They needed special licenses from spanish officials

38
Q

What did elizabeth support the english in doing in the new world

A

Privateering

39
Q

When was sir francis drake knighted

A

In 1581 upon the golden hind

40
Q

What year was the genoese loan incident

A

1568- A spanish ship carrying a loan from genoese bankers harboured in an english port, elizabeth took the gold for herself

41
Q

What did the genoese loan incident result in

A

An anglo-danish trade embargo

42
Q

How much money did sir francis drake bring back after his privateering expeditionaries

A

400,000

43
Q

How did elizabeth pressuries the spanish to relx harsh protestant treatment in the netherlands

A

Indirectly funded dutch resistance
Allowed priavteering
Perused anglo-french relations
Encouraged 3rd party dutch resistance

44
Q

When was the treaty of joinville signed

A

1584

45
Q

What did the treaty of joinville say

A

A treaty between france and spain to invest in the persuit of the persecution of heresy (protestants)

46
Q

When was the treaty of nonsuch signed

A

1585

47
Q

What did the treaty of nonsuch say

A

Anglo-Danish rebellian alliance against spanish colonials. Effectively put England at war with spain

48
Q

What was drake ordered to do in 1585

A

Attack new world settlements

49
Q

Why was the english campaign in the netherlands not successful

A

Elizabeth was never fully invested as she hoped to negotiate with spain
The earl of leceister, who led the english in the netherlands, was never fully funded
Leceister and elizabeth had different aims for the netherlands

50
Q

What religious factors contributed to the launch of the armada

A

Treaty of joinville
The papacy wanting to rid of elizabeth since her excommunication in 1570
The numerous conspiracies that the papacy and spanish had been involved in
Mary’s execution

51
Q

What political factors led to the launch of the armada

A

The treaties of non such and joinville
England was an asset to the spanish empire
An end to privateering if won
Philip as the heir to the throne

52
Q

How did elizabeth provoke the armada

A 
Knighting Drake
Raiding new world/privateering
Mary's execution 
Sheltering of sea beggars
Genoese loan
53
Q

How did english ship design contribute to the armadas defeat

A

John hawkins encouraged elizabeth to invest in the navy years before the armada

New galleons were built from the 1570s onwards, they were much more agile and could turn their guns on the spanish better

Short gun carriages meant gun reloading was much quicker

However englsnd only had 24 galleons

54
Q

How did spanish supplied lead to the defeat of the armada

A

Drake’s Raid on cadiz meant that new inferior barrels had to be made for transporting food

The food would then perish much quicker and many soldiers ate perished food

Archaeological evidence shows that cannon balls were also of inferior quality

55
Q

How did spanish planning and communication contribute to the armadas defeat

A

Philips plan needed medina sidonia to meet with parma to ferry spanish troops

Parma didnt control any deep sea ports and therefore had to ferry men from shore to ship, delaying an offense

Communication was poor as it had to travel by ship meaning that it took a week for parma to know sidonia was in the channel

56
Q

How did english tactics contribute to the armadas defeat

A

The english could fire 6x faster and further away

The english chased the armada down the channel meaning sidonias fleet couldnt rendevouz with parmas

On the 6th of august the English sent fire ships to scatter the armada. When they re-engaged medina sidonia alone couldnt fend off the british

57
Q

When was the battle of gravelines (fireships)

A

6th august 1588

58
Q

How did luck play a factor in the armadas defeat

A

Winds scattered the armada 2 days after the battle of gravelines forcing them to retreat

Storms off the irish and scottish coasts sunk fleeing spanish ships

59
Q

What were the consequences of the armada

A

It was the last major spanish threat to the throne, philip sent two further armadas in the 1590s but they both failed

The victory contributed to the british navy’s expansion which proved useful in the development of its colonisation and empire

Majorly boosted pro-elizabethan support

It seemed that God favoured the hand of the protestants not the spanish

60
Q

When was throckmorton executed

A

1584

61
Q

To what government did elizabeth want the netherlands returned to

A

Its 1548 givernment

62
Q

What was the Spanish Fury

A

In 1576 spain couldnt afford to fund their war in the netherlands and therefore spanish soldiers went unpaid. The same soldiers, after months without pay ransacked dutch provinces.

63
Q

When did the spanish fury happen

A

1576

64
Q

What came as a result of the spanish fury

A

Catholic and portestant dutch united against spain and drew up the pacification of ghent

65
Q

What did the pacification of ghent demand

A

All spanish troops were to be expelled from the netherlands

Restoration of political autonomy

And an end to religious persecution

66
Q

How did elizabeth respond to the spanish fury

A

She agreed to send a loan of 100,000 to dutch rebels and at some point send an expeditionary force to ensure the pacification of ghent was agreed to

67
Q

Did the pacificstion of ghent work

A

Yes, philips brother, don juan, arrived in the netherlands to agree to all terms

68
Q

Did the pacification of ghent last

A

No, six months later Philip sent a new army to attack the dutch.

69
Q

How did elizabeth respond to Philips invasion after the POG

A

She hired a mercenary army to fight the spanish. This is important as she couldnt be to blame seeing as it wasnt a royal army

70
Q

What year did provy councellors urge elizabeth to directly intervene in the netherlands

A

1578

71
Q

Why was 1584 a turning point in anglo spanish relations

A

Both alencon and william of orange died. Meaning that the Leader of the english and protestants were dead.

The odds were now more than ever against elizabeth

The treaty of joinville allied the french and spanish against dutch rebels and protestants

72
Q

What happened in 1580 concerning Spain’s empire

A

Portugal was annexed along with its navy and wealth however remained autonomous

73
Q

When did the Pope tell Spain to invade england

A

1585

Yr11 Summer Assessment 1 RC Mock (3 decks)

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