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History 10s1 > Elizabeth > Flashcards

Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

what year did she become queen ?

A

1558

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2
Q

Who where Elizabeth’s parents

A

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

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3
Q

What where her attitudes towards ruling ?

A

she wanted to be the ultimate source of political and religious power in England

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4
Q

Name some challenges Elizabeth faced

A
  • She was expected to get married
  • She was Protestant but the country was left Catholic
  • She was fighting to be respected by other European leaders
  • She had many enemies wanting to kill her
  • the monarchy had a bad reputation
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5
Q

Name some responsibility for a Monarch in the 16th century

A
  • make laws
  • appoint minister who gave the monarch advice
  • Be the head of the countries religion
  • command the navy and army
  • protect the people
  • control the countries coinage
  • ensure employment and prosperity
  • Ensure continued rule of his/her family by having children
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6
Q

Nobility

A

highest social class in 1558 society. included monarch and royal family.

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7
Q

Gentry

A

class below nobility. very high social status, entitled to a coat of arms, owned lots of land

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8
Q

yeoman

A

men who owned a small amount of land or estate

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9
Q

tenant farmers

A

farmed rented land typically owned by gentry or yeoman

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10
Q

landless and labouring poor

A

unskilled workers who often rented their houses and didn’t own any land

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11
Q

name the order of a towns social classes

A 
Merchants 
professionals 
business owners 
skilled workers 
unskilled workers and unemployed
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12
Q

What is a heretic

A

Somebody who goes against the religion of the state

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13
Q

What was the French threat

A

The alliance between Scotland and France
Mary queen of Scots was married to the king Francis 2 of France
France was wealthier and larger than England

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14
Q

What two acts did Elizabeth put down to reach her settlements.

A

Act of supremacy 1559

Act of uniformity 1559

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15
Q

What was the vestments controversy ?

A
  • Puritans believed that clergy should be dressed plainly and not differently to the congregation and therefore opposed the idea that clergy should wear vestments
  • Elizabeth set up exhibition to show what priests should wear, of 110 bishops invited, 73 accepted and 37 refused
  • Those who refused lost their posts
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16
Q

What was the crucifix controversy ?

A
  • Puritans did not want to have the crucifix in churches as it represented Jesus and they believed that they should not have symbols of their idols in the church
  • Puritans said they should be allowed to take the crucifix down
  • Elizabeth refused
  • Puritan ministers threatened to leave if they were not allowed to take the crucifix down, Elizabeth did not have enough replacements so she conceded
17
Q

How do we know Elizabeth’s settlement was a success ?

A
  • Very few Martyrs in response
  • Majority of Catholics conformed with the settlement
  • Penalties for non conformers were not always imposed to keep the peace
18
Q

Why was Spain a threat to Elizabeth ?

A
  • Richest, most powerful nation in europe
  • In 16th Century the army grew from 20,000 to 300,000
  • Catholic
  • Elizabeth got involved in supporting Protestants at the Dutch revolt which was crushed by the spanish in the spanish inquisition (duke of alba)
  • Spain now controlling the Netherlands had a strategic point for an invasion
  • Elizabeth refused a marriage alliance from Phillip 2, perhaps implying she does not wish to see an alliance with Spain
19
Q

Why was France a threat to Elizabeth ?

A
  • Catholic
  • England supported protestant rebels in France in return for Calle, protestants made peace with Catholics in the end
  • Mary queen of Scots was once married to the king of France and was still popular in France
  • France at the time was richer and more powerful than England
20
Q

Why did the Catholic threat increase for Mary after 1566 ?

A

Mary Queen of Scots came under Elizabeth’s arrest

  • Unlike Elizabeth, she was recognised as legitimate by Catholics and had a great claim to the throne, potentially even greater than Elizabeth
  • She was the foundation behind many plots against Elizabeth
21
Q

What was the Ridolfi Plot ?

A

1571:

  • Assassination of Elizabeth, and invasion by Spain
  • Replaced by Mary(qos) who would marry the duke of Norfolk
  • Ridolfi was a Florentine banker and papal agent who was a go-between with Phillip 2 and the duke of Norfolk
  • Elizabeth’s secret service uncovered the plot and the duke of Norfolk was executed in 1572,
  • Elizabeth lost trust to Mary(qos)
22
Q

When was the act of uniformity implemented, what did it include and which groups disliked the act?

A

1559:

  • A new protestant prayer book implemented in every church (Catholics dislike)
  • Church services in English, reasons for bread and wine were left vague
  • Ornaments and decorations allowed in churches (puritans dislike)
  • Clergy wore vestments and were allowed to marry (Catholics dislike)
  • Attendance to church was compulsory, if not attend a fine of 1 shilling was given per week, not much for rich but lots for poor
23
Q

When was the act of supremacy implemented, what did it include and which groups disliked the act?

A

1559:

  • England was protestant again (Catholics dislike)
  • Elizabeth became the “Supreme Governor” of the church (Catholics and Puritans dislike)
  • Bishops would help Elizabeth govern the new church
  • If people refused to follow they would be imprisoned up to 3 times before they were executed (Catholics dislike)
24
Q

What was the Throckmorton plot ?

A

1583:

  • Assassination of Elizabeth to be replaced by Mary(qos)
  • Invasion by France, financed by Spain and the pope
  • Throckmorton carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators
  • Walsingham uncovered the plot which led to Elizabeth passing The Bond which forced signatories to assassinate anyone plotting against the Queen
24
Q

What was the Babington plot ?

A

1586:

  • Assassination of Elizabeth to be replaced by Mary(qos)
  • Anthony Babington carried messages to Elizabeth in code, which included asking for Mary’s approval to go through with the plot, which she agreed to in another letter of hers
  • These letters were decoded and used as evidence for Mary’s treason which led to her execution
24
Q

What was the revolt of the Northern Earls ?

A

Northern Earls were not happy with Elizabeths rule because:

  • They were still committed Catholics, Elizabeth took away lots of land from Northumberland and shared it between Northumberland’s rivals, she also took all the profits from his copper mine
  • 1569 the duke of Norfolk initiated the revolt in a plan to marry Mary(qos) and restore Catholicism
  • November 1969 they captured Durnham where they celebrated a Catholic mass before moving further south to where Mary was held
  • The Royal army defeated them and forced them to retreat, Mary executed Northumberland and 400 other rebels
24
Q

What was education like in Elizabethan England for each wealth classes for boy and girls

A

Poor:
-Boys+Girls had no formal education and often worked on land in order to bring in a wage for the family
Well-Off:
-Boys attended petty schools (aged:4-8) where they were taught reading, writing and arithmetic and grammar schools (aged:8-14) where they were taught a range of languages, history, philosophy etc
-Girls attended dame schools and had basic education but it was focused on home work e.g. sawing, making ointments etc
Upper-Class:
-Private tutoring until early teens, then educated in a noble household until mid teens, Boys then attended university

24
Q

How big of an impact did schools have in Elizabethan England ?

A
  • 20% increase in literacy rate
  • Expensive so only well off people could afford education
  • Problem with loss of family income due to children not working
24
Q

What leisure activities did people in Elizabethan England participate in ?

A

Nobility:
-Archery -Wrestling -Swimming -Tennis(ish)
Working Class:
-Swimming -Wrestling -Football (very different then)

25
Q

What were the 3 acts that Elizabeth issued to help solve the problem of the poor ?

A

1572 - Statue of Artificers:
-Beggars to be whipped or board through the ear or executed
-Justices of the peace to keep count of poor in the area
-People had to play the Poor rate to support the poor
1576 - Vagabonds act:
-Beggars to be sent to the houses of correction
-Justices of the peace to stockpile materials for those who genuinely could not find work
1601 - Poor Relief Act:
-Overseers to ensure orphan children had apprenticeships and that there was a stock pile of material for able bodied work
-Elderly and sick to be given alms-houses to live in
-Begging was illegal
-JPs to make sure everyone paid the poor rate or face imprisonment

History 10s1 (9 decks)

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