Elizabeth 4 Flashcards
Singeing of the king’s beard
Singed means burn.
Cadiz is in the south west of spain.
Sir Francis Drake attacked Cadiz because that was where king
Phillip gathered his fleet.
He attacked Cadiz to inflict the most damage.
He destroyed 100 ships.
The invasion on England was postponed because King Phillip was not ready as ships were destroyed.
Drake publicly humiliated the king by saying he has ‘singed the king of Spain’s beard
Conflict between Queen of England and king of spain
- Protestant and Catholic.
- Less powerful and very powerful.
- Trading.
- Potential suitor: Elizabeth did not reply to him.
- King tried to invade England.
- Colonisation of virginia.
- Circumnavigation aim was to attack spanish ships and steal goods
- King supported many plots against elizabeth.
Treaty of Joinville and Nonsuch
Treaty of Joinville, 1584
Spain and France.
- Only catholicism allowed.
- Contravening this or failure to cover would result in execution.
- Elizabeth thought this was directed at her and that they would both attack England.
Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585
England and Netherlands.
- Elizabeth promised financial and military assistance to the Netherlands (protestants under the control of Spain) in their fight against Spanish rule.
- England would control two dutch towns.
- King Philip saw this as war against him.
plan armade
Phillips’ plan was to cross the English channel twice to get troops from netherlands.
Spain: 130 ships, 30,000 professional army.
England: 34 battleships, 200 ships , 20,000 non-professional army.
The Spanish wanted to maintain a crescent formation.
Advantages: They’re all together and vulnerable ships are protected.
Disadvantage: noticeable and easy target.
England v Spain
England 1st in command Charles Howard of Effingham. No experience 2nd in command : Sir Francis Drake Circumnavigation.
Spain 1st in command : Medina sidonia. He gets seasick. 2nd in command : Recalde He wanted to go to Plymouth instead of Phillip’s plan.
Battle of plymouth
The Spanish were going past Plymouth.
English shot them 2,000 times but didn’t inflict any damage.
The Spanish never planned to attack Plymouth.
The English thought they were victorious.
Roseria
Abandoned Spanish ship with goods.
Drake found ammunition (which England was in short supply of); gunpowder and lots of gold coins.
They found out the Spanish were using land cannons (which is why they only shot 750 times at Plymouth),
Battle of weymouth
One Englishman pretended to be stuck near Weymouth but in reality he wanted the Spanish to get close to him.
Four Spanish ships came close and got stuck because their ships had deeper hulls.
The English attacked the spanish.
They were driving them away from Weymouth.
Weymouth wasn’t a target from invasion.
English wasted ammunition.
Battle of isle of wight
Same trick as weymouth
The Spanish wanted to stop at the Isle of wight but because of the attack they failed and did not get to anchor.
Battle of calais
The Spanish made their way to the Netherlands (France and Spain were allies).
English used firsehips
Advantages: Distract and panic the Spanish and cause damage to ships.
Disadvantages:
- use of a ship, ammunition wasted, no control over ship.
- The Spanish panicked and cut off their anchor.
- No damage was done as the Spanish avoided them.
- The Spanish were now scattered and England could target vulnerable ships.
Battle of gravelines
35 ships from kent (England)
The English navy outnumbered the Armada.
English attacked and Spanish reformed.
English did not keep distance anymore.
They were able to fire from a close distance.
English (sea cannons) fired 5x faster than spanish (land cannons).
Spanish : 85 doctors overwhelmed, 1000 dead, 5 ships lost.
The English won the battle and they stopped fighting.
Didn’t do much damage as they had a shortage of gunpowder and ammunition.
Causes of poverty
- Population increase - Land enclosure - Wars - Dissolution of the monasteries.
