Democracy 3 Flashcards
Nazis and the young people
Youth organisations were made compulsory to join in 1936.
How did the swing youth and the Edelveise show their hatred towards Nazi’s?
How did the swing youth and the Edelveise show their hatred towards Nazi’s?
- Beat up Nazi officials
- Refuse to obey Nazis.
- Graffitied on walls
- Hung around
- Listened to Jazz music (black americans)
- Dance outrageously
- Girls wore makeup (hitler wanted women to be modest)
- Broke curfews and smokes.
Nazi’s forced them to work in concentration camps and if they refused they were publicly hanged.
How the Nazi’s affected the youth?
Hitler targeted young children because they didn’t know anything else.
They were vulnerable and easy to brainwash.
Hitler indoctrinated children because he wanted a 1000 year Recih and the children were the next generation.
1000 year reich: nazi’s to rule Germnay for a thousand years.
Children were told to spy on everyone.
Children learnt to hate jews.
Learnt the disabled people shouldn’t exist.
Hitler Youth Movements
The Hitler Youth was the group for boys set up by the Nazis.
During the Weimar Republic it was common for political parties to set up youth wings for the party, and the Nazis were no different.
However, when Hitler became Chancellor, these alternative groups were banned and everyone was encouraged to join the Hitler Youth instead.
This was eventually made compulsory in 1939.
The Hitler Youth differed to groups today as the Hitler Youth was simply the Nazi Party for children.
The Nazis used the group to teach Nazi ideas to the young people which included the Nazis views on Jews and German History.
The members of the Hitler Youth also had to pledge their loyalty to the party and to Hitler.
It was also expected that members of the Hitler Youth would report on members of their families or teachers if they were not following the Nazi ideas.
The Nazis also used the Hitler Youth to create model German citizens who would fit with the Nazi ideals.
As the Nazis placed a huge emphasis on the strong overcoming the weak, the Hitler Youth had a strong regime of physical fitness, including hikes and trips into the mountains.
The emphasis of physical fitness was accompanied by military style training, after all the Nazis wanted members of the Hitler Youth to become soldiers for the Reich.
Therefore, members of the Hitler Youth trained with small fire arms and skills for being a soldier in the field.
The Nazis also set up specialist divisions for more specialist training including flying and the navy.
Members of the Hitler Youth, were often instructed by members of the SA who enacted harsh punishments upon them if they disobeyed orders or for doing something wrong.
Women in nazi germany
Under 1 million births by 1933 compared to over 2 million in 1900.
To achieve the policy of Lebensborn the Nazi’s awarded medals to women he gave birth to a number of children.
They had interest free loans of up to 1000 reichsmark.
Contraception and abortion were banned.
Lebensborn centres were established.
Racially approved Aryan women were matched with SS men - to encourage women to have Aryan children.
Annual ceremonies were held all over Germany to reward women:
4 children - bronze
6 children - silver
8 children - gold.
This would encourage them to have children.
Interest free loans of up to 1000 reichsmark for young married couples on condition that the wife gave up work.
A quarter of the loan was cancelled each time a child was born.
Conscription for wwII stopped women from having kids.
They were busy doing men’s jobs and didn’t have much time to have kids and look after them.
Women who had a disabled child, a history of mental illness, hereditary diseases or antisocial behaviour.
Contraception and abortion was forced upon them.
If a child had a disease, he was killed.
1933: 970,000 babies born.
1939: 1.4 million babies born.
Lebensborn was a success as the population increased.
Nazi vs Christianity
Nazis Nazi’s believed in revenge and violence; not love, Believed some races were superior. Hated the weak and vulnerable. Didn't have a religion; follow Hitler.
Christians Believed in love and forgiveness. Believed in equality. No discrimintaion. Believed in God and Jesus’ teachings.
Nazi control of churches
Concordat was signed
Hitler broke the concordat
Catholic priests were arrested and catholic youth clubs and schools were shut down.
The pope issued a statement criticising the Nazis but it had little effect.
Archbishop Galen openly criticised the Nazis for their use of concentration camps, euthanasia and terror tactics.
The Nazis temporarily stopped the policy of euthanasia.
Galen was placed under house arrest.
The confessional church, under the leadership of pastor Martin neimoller openly criticised the Nazis.
800 pastors from the confessional church were arrested, niemoller was imprisoned.
Confessional church.
Persecution of racial groups
In families where there were hereditary illnesses, sterilisation was enforced.
Over 300,000 men and women were compulsorily sterilised.
At least 5,000 mentally disabled children and babies were killed either by injection or starvation.
72,000 mentally ill patients were gassed before a public outcry in Germany brought this to an end.
5 / 6 gipsies living in Germany were killed.
Nuremburg laws
The Nuremberg Laws were laws which were passed by the Nazis that targeted Jews and placed restrictions upon their movements, rights and lives. They were passed on 15th September 1935.
Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass)
In november 1938, a young Jew shot dead a Nazi official in Paris.
In response and revenge, on 9th and 10th november, Jewish shops and businesses in Germany were attacked.
Homes were ransacked and synagogues were burned.
100 Jews were killed.
10,000 Jewish shops were targeted and 20,000 people were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
The jewish community were further punished by being ordered to pay a fine of 1 billion reichsmark.
They had to pay because they were renting the building from non-jewish Germans.
They were also forced to scrub the streets clean.
Many Germans watched the event with alarm.
The nazi controlled press presented the Kristallnacht as the spontaneous reaction of ordinary Germans against Jews.
Most Germans did not believe this but hardly protested.
The few who did were brutally murdered.
Holocaust
Gas vans, random killings, ghettos and extermination camps.
Random killings were used to systematically kill Jews between 1941 and 1944 – Jews were ordered to dig their graves, strip and were then randomly shot as they attempted to run away. In just one month, 38,000 Jewish people were executed in this way.
During the interim, ghettos were established to separate Jews and other non –Aryans from the rest of the German population. Jews were responsible for the day-to-day running of ghettos; however, Nazis were in overall control of them. Food was scarce and had to be rationed. Many people looked in bins to sustain themselves. Those who fought back were immediately killed and to serve as a deterrent, people were randomly shot by the Nazis. Many were forced to work factories making goods for the Nazis during the war
Final Solution:
The term ‘final solution of the Jewish Question’ was a euphemism used by Nazi Germany’s leaders. It referedd to the mass murder of Europe’s jews. It brought an end to policies aimed at encouraging or forcing Jews to leave the German Reich and other parts of Europe. Those policies were replaced by systematic annihilation.
It is estimated that more than 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust.
Censorship and propaganda
Censorship and propaganda
Propaganda was used powerfully by Joseph Goebbels (head of Nazi propaganda) to portray a more positive image of Hitler and the Nazi Party.
The Nazis controlled what was seen, heard and read in Germany through the Chamber of Culture – an organisation all musicians, writers, authors, actors and artists had to be members of.
Nothing could contradict the message of Nazi propaganda – everything Hitler did was in the best interests of the country.
Berlin olympics
The Nazi’s used the olympics as propaganda.
Hitler wanted to show that Germany was a peaceful country.
For 1 month Jews were not persecuted.
One Hew was allowed in the Olympics to show diversity.
Propaganda was aimed at the whole world.
He wants to show that the Aryan race was superior.
Hitler wasn’t successful because a black man from America won and Hitler believed the black race was inferior.
All anti-Jewish posters were removed from Germany and the persecution of Jews stopped during this event. One token Jewish athlete represented Germany. Hitler used the Olympics to showcase the superiority of the Aryan race, but was upstaged by Jesse Owens, a Black American athlete, in the 200m finals.
Triumph of the will
A documentary broadcasted in Germany portraying Hitler.
16 years of suffering - ToV.
19 months of rebirth. Hitler came into power in 1933.
Showing that Hitler is superior.
Showing he was ordered by the people and he loves kids.
Censorship:
Books -
Joseph Geobbels (Nazi) had to approve
Books that didnt adhere to nazi message would be punished.
If they were already punished they would be burnt.
Genres of books: praising nazis and glorifying Hitler.
Newspapers -
Positive thing about Nazis.
Anti-nazi newspapers were banned.
Jewish journalists and editors were sacked/killed.
Radio -
Nazi’s were in charge of radio stations.
Non-nazi radio stations were banned, 1934.
They made sure everyone would listen to the radio by making it cheap.
Foreign radio was banned, anyone caught listening to it was killed.
Films -
Nazi’s ensured their message was followed.
Mocked Jews.
Geobbels had to approve of the plot.
Genres: war and politics.
Anything that mocked the Jews and glorified Hitler.
Music -
Jazz was not allowed (made by black people - inferior).
Types of music allowed: marching, classical and glorifying Hitler.
