Elizabeth 3 Flashcards
Beliefs and practises
Protestant -
- The monarch should be the head of the Church and has final say in all religious matters.
- The Bible and church services should be in English.
- Priests are allowed to marry.
- Churches should be kept simple.
- When the bread and wine is taken in service it represents the body and blood of Jesus.
- Ordinary people can connect to God through personal prayers.
Catholic -
-The pope is the head of the Church and has final say in all religious matters.
- The Bible and church services should be in Latin.
- Priests should not marry.
- Churches should be decorated with paintings,statues and stained glass windows.
- The bread and wine taken in services literally transforms into the body and blood of Jesus.
Both -
Jesus was God’s son.
- Priests are ordinary people’s link with God.
- God created the world and everything.
- Those who challenge the true faith must admit their error or be punished by the true believers.
Elizabeth’s aims: (religious)
1) Heal divisions between catholics and protestants before they led to unrest and civil war.
2) Maximise her personal power and wealth by taking as much control over the church as she could.
Elizabeth’s middle way
The act of supremacy (May 1559) -
The Queen’s Highness is the only supreme governor of this realm and no foreign person or state had or ought to have any authority within this realm.
Changes that satisfy the catholics
Act of uniformity - aimed to end disputes between the two divisions.
The Communion table can replace the altar.
Statues, candles, crosses.
Priests had to wear Catholic style vestments.
The Pope can be head (Elizabeth was the only governor).
They were allowed to worship in their own way in private.
Changes that anger the catholics
Elizabeth became governor or head of the church
Priests are allowed to marry
Changing bible into english and not latin
Services held in english
Pilgrimage was banned
Book of common prayer (extreme protestant beliefs).
A protestant was appointed as archbishop.
Clergy swear loyalty to Elizabeth.
Elizabeth’s changes
why elizabeth passed these laws?
Elizabeth passed these laws because:
- Catholics were rebelling, she was being targeted and more people became Catholics.
- She wanted to control the catholics as she was scared they were trying to overthrow her.
- She abandoned her middle way.
Elizabeths religious changes
1571 - 1 shilling recusancy fines were issued (infrequently) for those who refused to attend Protestant church services. It became illegal to own Catholic items such as rosary beads.
1581 - Recusancy fines were increased to £20 - more than anyone could afford. They were strictly enforced.It became high treason to convert to Catholicism. Illegal to attend catholic mass.
1585- It became legal to kill anyone who attempted to assassinate the Queen. Jesuit priests were ordered to leave England. All catholic priests were ordered to leave England within 90 days or face death.
1593- Catholics who travelled more than 5 miles from their homes without permission had their land confiscated.Large catholic gatherings were made illegal.
Responses to Elizabeth’s religious changes
The papul bull message from the pope, 1570.
The pope said that the Queen had wrongly taken his place as the head of the Church.
He is saying she is a religious traitor. He tells the people not to obey the Queen.
‘We do command and charge all people not to obey her’.
Overthrow and execute Elizabeth.
The college at Douai
In 1586, an English Catholic Cardinal, William Allen, established a seminary in the Spanish Netherlands to train priests.
Allhen, who had the full backing of the Pope, aimed to educate priests who would return back to England to convert people back to catholicism.
The first priests arrived in 1574 just as Elizabeth’s fears of Catholic rebellion were growing.
Jesuits
The society of Jesus was established in 1540.
Its members are known as Jesuits, who first arrived in England in 1580.
Their aim was to convert the protestant population to the catholic faith.
The idea was to gain influence over rich and powerful families, and to turn them against the Queen and the Anglican Church.
Once in the country, they smuggled other priests into the country.
Catholic powers in Europe
Although the Protestant faith was now widespread across Europe, the two most powerful countries, Spain and France, remained firmly Catholic.
Taking their lead from the Pope, the kings of Spain and France began to support challenges to Elizabeth’s rule.
They supported Jesuit missionaries and also gave financial support to those who wanted to get rid of the Queen (Throckmorton and Ridolfi plot).
The king of Spain also helped to establish the seminary in Douai.
Puritans
Puritans practised prophesying.
Elizabeth ordered the archbishop to close down these meetings.
The archbishop, Grindal, refused so he was put on house arrest until his death.
John Whitgift, a strict anglican ended prophesying and replaced Grindal.
All clergy have to swear absolute acceptance of bishops and the common book of prayer.
300 ministers of the clergy were suspended from church.
A few puritans broke away from the anglicans to become separatists.
Separatists produced pamphlets criticising Elizabeth and ordering the reorganisation of the church and encouraging
people to persecute catholic sympathisers.
Their coarse language shocked the people and many turned against puritans.
In 1593, the government passed a law allowing authorities to execute anybody who is a separatist.
YEARS
1558: Elizabeth crowned queen
1559: Elizabeth’s Religious settlement
1563: Statute of Artificers
1568: Mary Queen of Scots flees to England
1569: Revolt of the Northern Earls
1570: Pope excommunicates Elizabeth from Catholic Church
1571: Ridolfi Plot
1572: Vagabonds Act
1576: Poor Relief Act
1577-80: Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe
1580: Drake knighted
1583: Throckmorton Plot
1584: Treaty of Joinville
1585: Treaty of Nonsuch
1585: War begins with Spain
1585: All Catholic priests ordered to leave country
1586: Babington Plot
1587: Mary Queen of Scots is executed
1588: Spanish Armada attacks
1603: Death of Elizabeth
