Elizabeth Flashcards
Who was Elizabeth’s spymaster?
Sir Francis Walsingham
Why did the Pacification of Ghent fail?
- Philip II sent a new army to attack the Dutch
- Duke of Alencon helped the Netherlands (paid by Elizabeth)
Who was sent to deal with the Dutch Revolt by Spain?
Duke of Alba
What were the three Elizabethan Poor Laws?
1563 Statute of Artificers
1572 Vagabonds Act
1576 Poor Relief Act
What does ‘Divine Right’ mean?
Belief that the monarch’s right to rule came from God
What spy techniques did Francis Walsingham use?
- Informants
- Informants abroad
- Agent Provocateurs
- Torture
- Intercepting letters
What is a Vagabond?
Homeless person
What was planned in the Babington Plot?
- Duke of Guise would invade England with 60,000 troops
- Philip II and Pope supported this
- They would kill Elizabeth and make Mary Queen of Scots Queen
By the end of the 1560’s what were the 4 problems Elizabeth faced?
English Catholics
Mary Q of S
Spain
Dutch Revolt
Why did poverty increase in the Elizabethan Age?
Population growth
Rising Prices
Enclosure of Land
Explain the 1572 Vagabonds Act
- Whipped and drill hole in ear if caught
- Imprisoned if caught a second time
- Death Penalty if caught a third time
- JP’s to keep a register of the poor
Why was France a threat to England?
Mary Queen of Scots
Auld Alliance (Scotland and France)
Loss of Calais under Mary
Catholic country
Why was there a Dutch Revolt?
- Netherlands wanted to run their own country
- Spanish Inquisition
Why did Spain and France want to be allies with England?
France: They were surrounded by Spanish colonies
Spain: Safe routes through the English channel to Netherlands
Who circumnavigated the world under Elizabeth?
What did he do whilst doing this?
Sir Francis Drake
Attacked Spanish ships and colonies - stealing valuables
What were the consequences of the Babington Plot?
- All involved arrested and Hung, Drawn and Quartered
- Mary Queen of Scots executed
- Clear an invasion from Spain was imminent
What is a recusant?
Catholics who were unwilling to attend Church services
Who agreed to the Treaty of Nonsuch?
What was agreed?
England and Netherlands
7400 troops sent to Netherlands
What was agreed in the Pacification of Ghent?
- All Spanish troops to be expelled from the Netherlands
- They get to rule themselves
- End of religious persecution (Spanish Inquisition)
Explain the 1563 Statute of Artificers
To ensure people paid poor rates - if refused you could be imprisoned
Name 5 parts of Elizabethan Government
Court
Privy Council
Parliament
Lords Lieutenants
Justices of Peace (JP’s)
What happened during the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
- Many Northern nobles were recusants who had lost power under Elizabeth
- Took control of Durhan Cathedral
- Had a Catholic mass there
- Marches South with Banners
- Mary Queen of Scots moved away
- Revolt crushed by army and 450 rebels executed
What caused the Pacification of Ghent?
Spanish Fury
The Spanish government did not pay the Spanish army so they mutinied
Explain the 1576 Poor Relief Act
Able-bodied poor was given raw materials and wool for them to make things and sell
Explain Mary Queen of Scots marriage scandal
Married Henry Stuart and had a child called James
Henry Stuart was murdered and Earl of Bothwell was suspected
Marry then married the Earl of Bothwell
What was the ‘Act of Supremacy’?
Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church
All of the clergy had to swear an oath of allegiance
What year did Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England/Scotland from France?
1568
Name the three features of Elizabeth’s religious settlement
Act of Supremacy
Act of Uniformity
Royal Injunctions
What was Philip II’s plan for the Spanish Armada?
- Sail to Netherlands and meet Duke of Parma
- Land in Kent with 27,000 troops and march to London
- Depose Elizabeth and create a new Catholic government
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
A group of people sent by Spain to make sure the countries they ruled stayed Catholic
What were the Royal Injunctions?
- All clergy to teach Royal Supremacy
- If you refused to go to Church you were reported
- Each church to have an English bible
- Clergy to wear special vestments
Why was the ‘Treaty of Edinburgh 1560’ signed?
What was agreed inside of it?
Elizabeth funded Protestant rebellion in Scotland to stop the French and Mary Q of S from gaining more power
Mary Q of S would give up her claim to the English throne
What was the role of the Church courts?
Courts that focused on disputes and moral issues in the church such as:
Bride and Groom wanted to marry
Sexual offences
Wills and inheritance
What was the Vestment Controversy?
Puritans did not want to wear special clothing and some refused - all of these lost their jobs
What new technology helped exploration?
Better ships
Astrolabes
Quadrants
Mercator Maps
Names 4 differences between Catholicism and Protestantism
Catholic
- Pope is the Head
- Bible services in Latin
- Church can forgive sins
- Priests wear special vestments
- Priests not allowed to marry
Protestant
- No pope
- Bible services in English
- Sins forgiven by God
- No special clothes
- Priests allowed to marry
What were some of the problems that Elizabeth faced when she first came to the throne?
Legitimacy
Gender
Marriage
Debt
What leisure activities did the lower class take part in?
Football
Bear Baiting
Cock fighting
Reading literature
Theatre
Music and Dancing
What was Francis Drakes’ ship called?
Golden Hind
Why were English ships better than Spanish?
Faster
Easily Manoeuvrable
Able to fire more cannon balls
What impact did schools have on Elizabethans?
30% men and 10% women could read
This was an improvement for men but not for women
What religion was Elizabeth?
Protestant
What was the Genoese Loan?
Money being sent to the Duke of Alba that Elizabeth stole - it was a loan from Italian bankers therefore she felt she could take it
What was the Crucifix Controversy?
Elizabeth allowed crucifixes in churches to please Catholics
Puritans did not like this because they don’t like idols
Which area of England was the most AGAINST Protestantism?
North
Who agreed to the Treaty of Joinville?
What was it?
France and Spain
Allied with each other against Protestants
Who was Elizabeth’s Secretary of State?
Sir William Cecil
Who were the Sea Beggars?
Dutch rebels that attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel, Elizabeth allowed them shelter in English ports
How did the Spanish Armada ultimately fail?
Bad weather in Scotland sunk many ships killing thousands
What different schools were there in the Elizabethan age?
Home school
Grammar school
Apprenticeships
Petty school
Dame school
University
What is the ‘singeing of the king of Spain’s beard’?
Francis Drake attacked Cadiz harbour and destroyed 30 ships
This delayed the Spanish Armada for a year
What was the Act of Uniformity?
Churches had the same appearance and services
What sports did the Nobility play?
Hunting on horseback
Hawking
Fishing
Fencing
Real Tennis
Wrestling
What happened at the Battle of Gravelines?
English sent fire ships into Spanish ships
They scattered the Armada then English attacked
Spain left towards Scotland
How much was the crown in debt when Elizabeth came to power?
£300,000
Name three plots against Elizabeth
Revolt of the Northern Earls
Ridolfi Plot
Throckmorton Plot
Babington Plot
