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Elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

What order was the social hierarchy like in Elizabethen society

A

Nobility
Gentry
Yeomen
Tenant farmers
Landless or labouring poor
Vagrants, homeless

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2
Q

What was the social hierarchy for Elizabethen towns?

A

Merchents
Professionals
Business owners
Skilled craftsmen
Unskilled owrkers and the unemployed

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3
Q

What are features of the Elizabethen Court?

A

A body of people who lived near the same house as the monarch.
Members were made up of the nobility
Attending court required monarch’s permission

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4
Q

What was the role of the Court

A

To advise the monarch
Show a public display of wealth and power

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5
Q

What are features of the Privy Council?

A

Made up of courtiers and advisors as well as nobles and senior government officials
Approximately 19 members
Meetings were often presided over by the monarch

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6
Q

What was the role of the Privy Council?

A

Debate current issues
Oversaw law and order
Monitored Jusices of thd Peace
Monitored the proceedings of Parliament

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7
Q

What are features of Parliament?

A

Made up of House of Lords and the House of Commons
They could only be called and dismissed byvthe monarch
Elections were held but only a few people could vote

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8
Q

What was the role of Parliament?

A

To grant extraordinary taxation
Passed laws
Offered advice to the monarch

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9
Q

What was the role of the Lords Lieutenant?

A

Members of the nobility and often Privy Council
They were essential to maintaining the monarch’s power

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10
Q

What was the role of the Lords Lieutenant?

A

In charge of training local militia
Oversaw the enforcement of policies
Part of the local government

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11
Q

What are features of Justices of the Peace?

A

Large landowners who kept law and order
Unpaid and reported to the Privy Council
A JP was a position of status

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12
Q

Who were Courtiers?

A

Were usually members of the nobility. Courtiers spent much of their lives with Elizabeth I.

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13
Q

Extraordinary taxation?

A

Occasional, additionaltaxation to pay forunexpected expenses, especially war

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14
Q

Militia?

A

A military force of ordinary people, rather than soldiers, usually raised in an emergency

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15
Q

What did Elizabethen monarchs believed?

A

They had a right to rule ‘by the grace of God.
Known as the ‘divine right’

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16
Q

What could Elizabeth I do.

A

Declare war and make peace
Call and dismiss parliament
Rule in some legal cases
Grant titles, lands, money and jobs

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17
Q

What is a patronage?

A

To provide someone with an important job

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18
Q

Who was the secretary of state?

A

The most important privy councillor who was closest to Elizabeth

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19
Q

What is Divine right?

A

Belief that the monarch’s right to rule came from God

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20
Q

What is a Patron?

A

Someone who gives encouragement or financial support to an individual or a cause. For example Elizabeth l was a patron of many explorers dueing her reign

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21
Q

What was the French threat?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots was half French and half Scottish and she had legitemicy to the English throne

France was also wealthier and bigger than England

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22
Q

What was Act of Supremecy?

A

Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England

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23
Q

What was the Act of Uniformity?

A

Esablished the appearence of churches and form of services they held

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24
Q

What were Puritans against

A

Crucifixes
Vestments

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25
What did the Catholic church say in oppose to the spread of protestantism?
In 1566 the Pope said not to attend Church of Rngland services
26
When was the revolt of the northern Earls?
Novemeber 1569
27
Who led the revolt of the Northern Earls?
Earl of Northumberland Earl of Westmorland Duke of Norfolk Mary, Queen of Scots
28
What and when did Philip II ban?
The import of English cloth to the Netherlands in 1563
29
When was the Dutch revolt?
1566-1568
30
What did Spain do about the Dutch revolt?
Sent in the Duke of Alba with an army of 10,000 men to the Netherlands to put the revolt down
31
Why was Elizabeth concerned about Alba's presence in the Netherlands?
His large army was within striking distance Elizabeth did not wnat to be seen as Europes only Protestant monarch
32
What happened to the Spanish gold?
Spanish ships carrying gold going to the netherlands landed in English ports. Elizabeth took the money. The money was a loan from the genoese bankers
33
What was Elizabeth trying to achieve?
To protect English interests without going to war.
34
What were the plots of kill Elizabeth?
Ridolfi plot 1571 Throckmorton plot 1583 Babington plot 1586
35
What was the treaty of Edinburgh?
In 1560 the treaty said Mary Queen of Scots, would give up her claim to the English throne
36
What were the challenges Elizabeth faced?
English Catholics Mary, Queen of Scots Spain Dutch revolt
37
Why did the Northern Erals revolt.
Wanted to restore catholicism Had lost a great deal of influence since 1558 To replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots
38
What happened during the revolt of the Northern Earls?
Took control of The Cathedral in Durham. The rebels turned south but Elizabeth raised an army of 14,000 men for her cause
39
What was the significance of the revolt of the Northern Earls?
Firts and most serious rebellious act by English Catholics Treason law became harsher Pope Pius VI excommuncated Elizabeth
40
Who was involved with the Ridolfi plot?
Roberto Ridolfi Pope Duke of Alba Phillip II Duke of Norfolk Mary, Queen of Scots
41
What was the Ridolfi plot plan?
To murder Elizabeth To launch a Spanish invasion Put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne
42
What happened with the Ridolfi plot?
Sir William Cecil uncovered the plot by autumn 1971 Ridolfi was accused of high treason Duke of Norfolk executed in June 1972
43
Who was involved with the Throckmorton plot?
Duke of Guise Francis Throckmorton Mary Queen, of Scots Pope
44
What was the Throckmorton plot plan?
To overthrow Elizabeth Restore Catholism Put Mary on the throne
45
How was the Throckmorton plot uncovered?
Sir Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. His agents found incriminating papers at Throckmorton's house Throckmorton was executed
46
Who was involved with the Babington plot?
Anthony Babington Duke of Guise Phillip II Mary, Queen of Scots Pope
47
What was the Babington plot plan?
Duke of Guise would invade England with 60,000 men. Mary would be put on the throne
48
What happened during the Babington plot?
Sir Francis Walsingham intercepted and read messages to Mary Babington was hanged
49
What was the consequence of the Ridolfi plot?
Attempting to convert people to catholism was high treason Priest holes were made
50
What was the consequence of the Throckmorton plot?
Throckmorton's pepers included a list of Catholics suggesting English Catholics were the enemy Many Catholics feld England 11,000 were imprisoned
51
What was Elizabeth's foreighn policy aim?
Developing trade to benefit the English economy Protecting England's borders Protecting the English throne Avoiding war
52
Privateer?
Histrically, individuals with their own armed ships that capture other ships for their cargoes, often with the authorisation or support of their government
53
What problems did English merchents have!
Spain controlled the Netherlands, Englands main route into European markets Spain controlled much of the new world
54
When did Elizabeth hire Drake as a privateer?
1572
55
When did Drake set of to the New World?
November 1577
56
When was Drake's circumnavigation of the globe?
1577-80
57
What was the outcome of Drake's circumnavigation?
Plundered Spanish shipz on the coastline of Peru Claimed a region of north California, New Albion Brought back £400,000
58
When was the Pacification of Ghent?
1576
59
What was the Pacification of Ghent?
All Spanish troops were to be expelled from the Netherlands The restoration of political autonomy An end to religious persecution
60
What was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
It put England and Spain at war as Elizabeth intervened directly in helping Dutch rebels
61
What was Phillip's armada army like?
130 ships 2431 guns 30,000 men
62
What was Philip's strategy to invade England?
Duke of Medina-Sidonia would sail along the English Channel to the Nertherlands. There it would join forces with the Duke of Patma. They would transport 27,000 troops to Kent, march on London and despose Elizabeth
63
What were the reasons Phillip launched the Armada?
Religion Provocation Politics Circumstances
64
What was religious reasons for invading England?
Phillip wanted to get rid of heresy Pope promised to forgive his sins Papacy wanted to overthrow Elizabeth
65
What were the political reasons on invading England?
Treaty of Joinville 1584 Treaty of Nonsuch 1585 England would be a useful addition to Philip 2 empire
66
Why was the Spanish Armada fail?
Spanish supplies Unreliable communications Spanish had no deep sea ports Poor spanish leadership Weather
67
Why did the English deafeat the Armada?
John Hawkins advice English Galleons English cannons English tactics
68
What was the English tactics against the Armada?
The english sent in fireships amongst the Spanish ships which made the spanish panic. This disorganised the Spanish lines scattering them
69
When was the battle of Gravelines?
8 August 1588
70
How much did Englands population grew?
3-4million
71
Why did poverty increase?
Poor harvest Rising prices Wages not rising
72
How did change in agriculture affect poverty?
The land was enclosed to make small new farms Needed less labour so unemployment increased Farmers switched to sheep farming which increased unemployment further Food prices increased because less food produced
73
Why did religion cause poverty rise?
Catholic monasteries would help the poor when needed Henry VIII between 1535-1531 destroyed the monasteries Dissolution of monasteries meant assistance was gone
74
What were Vagabands?
People from rural areas who lived outisde the hierarchy. They were often feared by the urban citizens
75
When was the statue of Artificers?
1563
76
When was the vagabands act?
1572
77
When was the poor relief act?
1576
78
What was the statue of artificers?
Where people payed poor rates to distribute money around the country for the poor
79
What was the vagabands act?
Where Vagabands could be whipped, with a hole drilled through their ears
80
What was the poor relief act?
Distinguished more clearly between the able bodied and impotent poor
81
Reasons for Elizabeths exploration of the world?
Money Exploration Technology Ship design
82
Who went on Raleighs voyage to virginia?
107 colonists Half the men soldiers Landowners Farmers Skilled craftsman Richard Grenville-expediction fommander Ralph Lane-governer of Virginia Thomas harrier-translater
83
What did the colonists take to Virginia?
Meats, vegetables, beer, wine, seeds and grain
84
When did the ships left England to Virginia?
9 April 1585
85
What were the five colonist ships called?
Tiger Roebuck Lion Dorothy Elizabeth

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