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Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

What order was the social hierarchy like in Elizabethen society

A

Nobility
Gentry
Yeomen
Tenant farmers
Landless or labouring poor
Vagrants, homeless

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2
Q

What was the social hierarchy for Elizabethen towns?

A

Merchents
Professionals
Business owners
Skilled craftsmen
Unskilled owrkers and the unemployed

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3
Q

What are features of the Elizabethen Court?

A

A body of people who lived near the same house as the monarch.
Members were made up of the nobility
Attending court required monarch’s permission

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4
Q

What was the role of the Court

A

To advise the monarch
Show a public display of wealth and power

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5
Q

What are features of the Privy Council?

A

Made up of courtiers and advisors as well as nobles and senior government officials
Approximately 19 members
Meetings were often presided over by the monarch

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6
Q

What was the role of the Privy Council?

A

Debate current issues
Oversaw law and order
Monitored Jusices of thd Peace
Monitored the proceedings of Parliament

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7
Q

What are features of Parliament?

A

Made up of House of Lords and the House of Commons
They could only be called and dismissed byvthe monarch
Elections were held but only a few people could vote

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8
Q

What was the role of Parliament?

A

To grant extraordinary taxation
Passed laws
Offered advice to the monarch

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9
Q

What was the role of the Lords Lieutenant?

A

Members of the nobility and often Privy Council
They were essential to maintaining the monarch’s power

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10
Q

What was the role of the Lords Lieutenant?

A

In charge of training local militia
Oversaw the enforcement of policies
Part of the local government

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11
Q

What are features of Justices of the Peace?

A

Large landowners who kept law and order
Unpaid and reported to the Privy Council
A JP was a position of status

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12
Q

Who were Courtiers?

A

Were usually members of the nobility. Courtiers spent much of their lives with Elizabeth I.

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13
Q

Extraordinary taxation?

A

Occasional, additionaltaxation to pay forunexpected expenses, especially war

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14
Q

Militia?

A

A military force of ordinary people, rather than soldiers, usually raised in an emergency

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15
Q

What did Elizabethen monarchs believed?

A

They had a right to rule ‘by the grace of God.
Known as the ‘divine right’

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16
Q

What could Elizabeth I do.

A

Declare war and make peace
Call and dismiss parliament
Rule in some legal cases
Grant titles, lands, money and jobs

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17
Q

What is a patronage?

A

To provide someone with an important job

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18
Q

Who was the secretary of state?

A

The most important privy councillor who was closest to Elizabeth

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19
Q

What is Divine right?

A

Belief that the monarch’s right to rule came from God

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20
Q

What is a Patron?

A

Someone who gives encouragement or financial support to an individual or a cause. For example Elizabeth l was a patron of many explorers dueing her reign

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21
Q

What was the French threat?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots was half French and half Scottish and she had legitemicy to the English throne

France was also wealthier and bigger than England

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22
Q

What was Act of Supremecy?

A

Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England

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23
Q

What was the Act of Uniformity?

A

Esablished the appearence of churches and form of services they held

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24
Q

What were Puritans against

A

Crucifixes
Vestments

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25
Q

What did the Catholic church say in oppose to the spread of protestantism?

A

In 1566 the Pope said not to attend Church of Rngland services

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26
Q

When was the revolt of the northern Earls?

A

Novemeber 1569

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27
Q

Who led the revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Earl of Northumberland
Earl of Westmorland
Duke of Norfolk
Mary, Queen of Scots

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28
Q

What and when did Philip II ban?

A

The import of English cloth to the Netherlands in 1563

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29
Q

When was the Dutch revolt?

A

1566-1568

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30
Q

What did Spain do about the Dutch revolt?

A

Sent in the Duke of Alba with an army of 10,000 men to the Netherlands to put the revolt down

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31
Q

Why was Elizabeth concerned about Alba’s presence in the Netherlands?

A

His large army was within striking distance

Elizabeth did not wnat to be seen as Europes only Protestant monarch

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32
Q

What happened to the Spanish gold?

A

Spanish ships carrying gold going to the netherlands landed in English ports. Elizabeth took the money. The money was a loan from the genoese bankers

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33
Q

What was Elizabeth trying to achieve?

A

To protect English interests without going to war.

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34
Q

What were the plots of kill Elizabeth?

A

Ridolfi plot 1571
Throckmorton plot 1583
Babington plot 1586

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35
Q

What was the treaty of Edinburgh?

A

In 1560 the treaty said Mary Queen of Scots, would give up her claim to the English throne

36
Q

What were the challenges Elizabeth faced?

A

English Catholics
Mary, Queen of Scots
Spain
Dutch revolt

37
Q

Why did the Northern Erals revolt.

A

Wanted to restore catholicism
Had lost a great deal of influence since 1558
To replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots

38
Q

What happened during the revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Took control of The Cathedral in Durham. The rebels turned south but Elizabeth raised an army of 14,000 men for her cause

39
Q

What was the significance of the revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Firts and most serious rebellious act by English Catholics
Treason law became harsher
Pope Pius VI excommuncated Elizabeth

40
Q

Who was involved with the Ridolfi plot?

A

Roberto Ridolfi
Pope
Duke of Alba
Phillip II
Duke of Norfolk
Mary, Queen of Scots

41
Q

What was the Ridolfi plot plan?

A

To murder Elizabeth
To launch a Spanish invasion
Put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne

42
Q

What happened with the Ridolfi plot?

A

Sir William Cecil uncovered the plot by autumn 1971
Ridolfi was accused of high treason
Duke of Norfolk executed in June 1972

43
Q

Who was involved with the Throckmorton plot?

A

Duke of Guise
Francis Throckmorton
Mary Queen, of Scots
Pope

44
Q

What was the Throckmorton plot plan?

A

To overthrow Elizabeth
Restore Catholism
Put Mary on the throne

45
Q

How was the Throckmorton plot uncovered?

A

Sir Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. His agents found incriminating papers at Throckmorton’s house
Throckmorton was executed

46
Q

Who was involved with the Babington plot?

A

Anthony Babington
Duke of Guise
Phillip II
Mary, Queen of Scots
Pope

47
Q

What was the Babington plot plan?

A

Duke of Guise would invade England with 60,000 men. Mary would be put on the throne

48
Q

What happened during the Babington plot?

A

Sir Francis Walsingham intercepted and read messages to Mary
Babington was hanged

49
Q

What was the consequence of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Attempting to convert people to catholism was high treason
Priest holes were made

50
Q

What was the consequence of the Throckmorton plot?

A

Throckmorton’s pepers included a list of Catholics suggesting English Catholics were the enemy
Many Catholics feld England
11,000 were imprisoned

51
Q

What was Elizabeth’s foreighn policy aim?

A

Developing trade to benefit the English economy
Protecting England’s borders
Protecting the English throne
Avoiding war

52
Q

Privateer?

A

Histrically, individuals with their own armed ships that capture other ships for their cargoes, often with the authorisation or support of their government

53
Q

What problems did English merchents have!

A

Spain controlled the Netherlands, Englands main route into European markets
Spain controlled much of the new world

54
Q

When did Elizabeth hire Drake as a privateer?

A

1572

55
Q

When did Drake set of to the New World?

A

November 1577

56
Q

When was Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe?

A

1577-80

57
Q

What was the outcome of Drake’s circumnavigation?

A

Plundered Spanish shipz on the coastline of Peru
Claimed a region of north California, New Albion
Brought back £400,000

58
Q

When was the Pacification of Ghent?

A

1576

59
Q

What was the Pacification of Ghent?

A

All Spanish troops were to be expelled from the Netherlands
The restoration of political autonomy
An end to religious persecution

60
Q

What was the Treaty of Nonsuch?

A

It put England and Spain at war as Elizabeth intervened directly in helping Dutch rebels

61
Q

What was Phillip’s armada army like?

A

130 ships
2431 guns
30,000 men

62
Q

What was Philip’s strategy to invade England?

A

Duke of Medina-Sidonia would sail along the English Channel to the Nertherlands. There it would join forces with the Duke of Patma. They would transport 27,000 troops to Kent, march on London and despose Elizabeth

63
Q

What were the reasons Phillip launched the Armada?

A

Religion
Provocation
Politics
Circumstances

64
Q

What was religious reasons for invading England?

A

Phillip wanted to get rid of heresy
Pope promised to forgive his sins
Papacy wanted to overthrow Elizabeth

65
Q

What were the political reasons on invading England?

A

Treaty of Joinville 1584
Treaty of Nonsuch 1585
England would be a useful addition to Philip 2 empire

66
Q

Why was the Spanish Armada fail?

A

Spanish supplies
Unreliable communications
Spanish had no deep sea ports
Poor spanish leadership
Weather

67
Q

Why did the English deafeat the Armada?

A

John Hawkins advice
English Galleons
English cannons
English tactics

68
Q

What was the English tactics against the Armada?

A

The english sent in fireships amongst the Spanish ships which made the spanish panic. This disorganised the Spanish lines scattering them

69
Q

When was the battle of Gravelines?

A

8 August 1588

70
Q

How much did Englands population grew?

A

3-4million

71
Q

Why did poverty increase?

A

Poor harvest
Rising prices
Wages not rising

72
Q

How did change in agriculture affect poverty?

A

The land was enclosed to make small new farms
Needed less labour so unemployment increased
Farmers switched to sheep farming which increased unemployment further
Food prices increased because less food produced

73
Q

Why did religion cause poverty rise?

A

Catholic monasteries would help the poor when needed
Henry VIII between 1535-1531 destroyed the monasteries
Dissolution of monasteries meant assistance was gone

74
Q

What were Vagabands?

A

People from rural areas who lived outisde the hierarchy. They were often feared by the urban citizens

75
Q

When was the statue of Artificers?

A

1563

76
Q

When was the vagabands act?

A

1572

77
Q

When was the poor relief act?

A

1576

78
Q

What was the statue of artificers?

A

Where people payed poor rates to distribute money around the country for the poor

79
Q

What was the vagabands act?

A

Where Vagabands could be whipped, with a hole drilled through their ears

80
Q

What was the poor relief act?

A

Distinguished more clearly between the able bodied and impotent poor

81
Q

Reasons for Elizabeths exploration of the world?

A

Money
Exploration
Technology
Ship design

82
Q

Who went on Raleighs voyage to virginia?

A

107 colonists
Half the men soldiers
Landowners
Farmers
Skilled craftsman
Richard Grenville-expediction fommander
Ralph Lane-governer of Virginia
Thomas harrier-translater

83
Q

What did the colonists take to Virginia?

A

Meats, vegetables, beer, wine, seeds and grain

84
Q

When did the ships left England to Virginia?

A

9 April 1585

85
Q

What were the five colonist ships called?

A

Tiger
Roebuck
Lion
Dorothy
Elizabeth

History (5 decks)

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