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Civil rights Flashcards

1
Q

What is segregation

A

Seperating groups of people usually by race or religion

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2
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Treating people unfairly because of their race or religion

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3
Q

What was the Jim Crow laws?

A

Jim Crow was a lazy, stupid black character, played by a white comedian ‘Black code’ laws enforcing segregation were given the nickname ‘Jim Crow’. The laws varied from state to state, but they all seperated black and white people

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4
Q

What was the federal laws?

A

Laws that cover the whole country

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5
Q

What are state laws?

A

Laws that are passed in just one state

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6
Q

What did the federal government include?

A

Congress
Supreme court
President

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7
Q

What does the state government include?

A

State Congress
State supreme court
Governor

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8
Q

What were attitudes in the South towards black people like?

A

Viewed black people as racially inferior: childlike, lazy, unintelligent

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9
Q

What was the Ku Klux Klan?

A

A group who persecuted Jews, Catholics and anyone who was not white, especially black people. They put burning crosses in front of houses, blew up homes and murdered people

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10
Q

How many black people could register to vote in 1956?

A

20%

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11
Q

What stopped black people from voting in the Southern States?

A

White employers threatend to sack black employees
White gangs gathered outside voting places and beat up blacks who tried
States set their own rules for election voting
Most states had a really hard literacy test to pass in order to vote

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12
Q

What is a ‘Civil rights activist’?

A

Somone who campaigns for equal rights and tries to persuade others to do the same

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13
Q

What factor that contributed the growth in the civil rights movement?

A

Education
Migration
Southern cities grew
The cold war
New ideas
Television

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14
Q

What were the main civil rights organisations?

A

NAACP (National Association for the advancement of colored people) 1909
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) 1942
Church organisations
RCNL (Regional cpuncil of Negro Leadership)

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15
Q

What was the NAACP?

A

Focused on fighting Civil Rights in the court

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16
Q

What was CORE?

A

An organisation that used non-violent direct action protests

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17
Q

Why were black clegymen involved in civil rights?

A

Were educated, effective speakers
They could negotiate with the white community
Had their own network of contacts

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18
Q

What did RCNL campaign for?

A

Black rights within segregation
Against police brutality

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19
Q

Who were in opposition to civil rights organisations?

A

KKK
White southern churches

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20
Q

When was the murder of Emmet Till

A

August 1955

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21
Q

What happend to Emmett Till?

A

He was hauled into a truck by Roy Bryant and his half-brother
They beat him, shot him, then threw him into a river with a heavy chain

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22
Q

What the political opposition to Civil rights?

A

Congress
Dixiecrats
State government

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23
Q

What was Brown vs Topeka?

A

In 1952, NAACP bundled all five scholl desegragation cases together

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24
Q

What were the features of Brown vs Topeka?

A

By December 1952 the supreme court had not made a ruling
On 17 May 1954, th Supreme court said seperate but equal had no place in society
In 1954, Supreme Court ruled desegragation should be carried out

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25
What was the significance of Brown vs Topeka?
Sparked off many desegragation campaigns
26
How many school districts had desegragated by 1957?
723
27
When was the Montgomery bus boycott?
1 December 1955
28
What happend at little rock high high school?
75 black students applied to school The school board chose 25 Opponents threatend families with violence In 1957 only 9 students would go
29
What happend with the little rock nine?
On 3 September 1957, faubus sent 250 state troops to surround the school.
30
What happened to Lizabeth Elckford?
Whent to little tock school. Missed the message A white mob was waiting for her shouting, 'lynch her'
31
What was the publicity like at Little Rock?
4 September 1957, 250 reporters and photographers
32
What did President Eiseinhower order?
He ordered to remove state troops from little rock On 23 September 1957, Faubus removed his troops There was a riot
33
What was White Citizns' councils?
A group that campained against desegragation
34
When did senator harry byrd demanded resistance to desegregation?
25 February 1956
35
What did Rosa Parks do?
She sat in the first row of coloured seating. The bus filled with white people and one man was standing. The driver told Rosa Parks to move. Rosa Parks refused. The police arrested her
36
What is Montgomery Improvement Association?
Set up in Holt Street Baptised Church on 5 December. Its aims were to improve the lifes of black people in Montgomery
37
When was MLK home bombed?
30 January 1956
38
What was the Browser v Gayle court case?
On 1 February 1956, NACCP lawyers filed browder vs gayle agaisnt bus segregations as a violation of the 14 amendment
39
What was the supreme court decision on browder vs gayle?
On 5 Hune, the court stated that buses should be desegregated
40
When did MIA stopthe boycott?
17 December 1956
41
Why was the motgomery bus boycott succesful?
Commitment Organisation Publicity
42
Whywss Martin Luther King significant?
His education Non-violent approach Passionate speeches Devotion to civil rights Emphasis on Christian values
43
Who was significant in civil rights?
Jo Ann Robinson E. D. Nixon Ralph David abernathy
44
Why was a boycott importang?
Showed black people could organise mass protest Brought MLK into spotlight Showed the importance of publicity
45
What happened after the Montgomery bus boycott?
46
When was the first Civil Rights bill?
9 September 1957
47
Who apposed the 1957 civil rights act?
Dixiecrats Strom Thurmond
48
What did the 1957 Civil Rights act say?
Called for federal intervention over civil rights violations by states. It faced widespread backlash
49
What were the policies of (SCLC)?
All segregation to be rejected and protested against Non-violent direct action Mass action Broad-based black and white membership
50
When was the Greensboro sit-in?
1 February 1960
51
What happened at Greensboro sit-in?
Four black students from the North Carolina Agriculture and Technology College in Greensboro, North Carolina sat at the whites only counter
52
What happened after the first Sit-in?
Next day 25 students did sit-ins By 4 February 300 students took part
53
Who were the freedom riders?
CORE activists who rode buses from Washington D.C to Alabama
54
When did the freedom riders leave Washington DC?
4 May 1961
55
When was Annistan?
15 May 1961
56
What happend at Annistan?
100 KKK members surrounded the bus, slashing the tyres and smashing the windows. Someone tossed a firebomb into the bus
57
When was the James Meredith case?
Between 1956 and 1962
58
What happened with the James Meredith case?
On 30 September 1962, Meredith registed for the University of Mississippi. A mob of 3,000 attacked federal officials.
59
When was the campaign in Birmingham?
2 April 1963
60
Why did SNCC, SCLC and ACMHR target Birmingham?
Completely desegregated Was nicknamed Bombingham Where Bull Connor was the chief of police
61
What happned at the March on Birmingham?
Sit-ins, mass meetings, peaceful protest marches and a boycott of shops On 2 May, 6000 people marched. 900 arrested Bull Connor ordered the police to use hose and dogs on the protesters
62
When was the March on Washington?
28 August 1963
63
How many people took part in Washington march?
250,000 people 40,000 white
64
What happend in the Washington march?
Peaceful, good humoured. Began with national anthem and prayer Civil Rights activists made speeches MLK made the last
65
Why was the Washington march significant?
Size: showed huge support for Civil Rights across USA Who saw it: Broadcast on Us television The crowd: Black and White people protested together peacefully. Showed support for Civil Rigths from all classes King.'s speech: Gained support for Civil rights
66
How many black people could vote between 1962-64
700,000
67
What was freedom aummer?
1000 volunteers went to Mississippi to help the black community
68
What was the opposition reaction to freedom summer?
Called the project an invasion Over 10,000 KKK members Burnt 37 black churches and 30 homes Beat up volunteers
69
What was the Mississippi murders?
Andrew Goodman (white volunter) and James Chaney (black core worker) were arrested. They were murdered by KKK.
70
When was the mississippi murders?
21 June 1964
71
What wa sthe Selma march?
People protested against the voter tests. 600 protesters marched from Selma to Montgomery
72
When was the Civil Rights Act of 1964
2 July 1964
73
What did the Civil Rights Act say?
Banned discrimination in voter tests Banned discrimination in public soaces Banned job discrimination Gave government the power to force schoool desegregation
74
When was the Voter Rights Act?
6 August 1965
75
What did the Voter Rights Act say?
Enforced federal government; states could set qualification rules with federal government approval
76
What was Malcolm X's belief?
Rejected non-violent action More willing to consider intergration

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