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Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Tehran meeting

A

November 1943

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2
Q

What was agreed at Tehran?

A

USA and Britain would open a second front in Western Europe and Stalin would declare war on Japan onced it had defeated the Germans

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3
Q

When was the Yalta meeting

A

February 1945

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4
Q

What was agreed at Yalta?

A

Germany would be split into 4 zones each controlled by USA, USSR, Britain and France
The United Nations would be setup
The borders of Poland would be restored to their position in 1921

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5
Q

When was the Potsdam meeting?

A

July-August 1945

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6
Q

What was agreed at Potsdam?

A

Germany would be divided into four zones each administered by the Soviet Union, USA, Britain and France
Berlin would also be divided into four zones, controlled by different countries

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7
Q

When was the atomic bomb launched on Hiroshima?

A

6 August 1945

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8
Q

When was the atomic bomb launched on Nagasaki?

A

9 August 1945

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9
Q

When did Roosevelt die and who replaced him?

A

April 1945
Harry S Truman

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10
Q

Who beat Winston Churchill in the 1945 general election?

A

Clement Attlee

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11
Q

When did Germany surrendor in WW2?

A

May 1945

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12
Q

When was the UN created?

A

June 1945

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13
Q

How many countries signed the treaty of San Francisco?

A

51

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14
Q

How and when did Poland become a Satellite State?

A

The Poles staged a rebellion against the Nazis. The Soviets promised to help but instead waited until the uprising had been crushed and then invade Poland and put a pro-Communist government in place

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15
Q

How and when did Hungary become a Satellite State?

A

There were elections in 1945. Some Communists got voted in but not enough. In 1947, voters were intimidated in a campaign supported by Mosvow and the Communists won. By 1949 Hungary was a one party Communist state.

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16
Q

How and when did Czechoslovakia become a satellite State?

A

After the war, Benes tried to restore democracy. Stalin saw tgis as a threat to the buffer zone. So he supported a coup in February 1948. A pro-soviet communist government was set up under the leadership of Klement Gottwald

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17
Q

How and when did Romania and Bulgaria become Satellite States?

A

The Red Army took control of Romania and Bulgaria from the Nazis. There were free elctions but voters were intimidated. The elctions brought in communist governmwnts and one party states

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18
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine?

A

12 March 1947

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19
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

The USA would provide $400million in economic aid to Greece and Turkey and would send Amercian civilian and military personnel. In the speech, Truman talked of Choosing Democracy over Communism was like choosing good over evil and said Communism should be stopped

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20
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

Providing economic aid to help war torn countries from communism

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21
Q

When was the marshall plan?

A

1948-1952

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22
Q

How much money did the Marshall plan supply with?

A

$13billion

UK-$3.297billion
France-$2.296

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23
Q

What did Stalin think of the Marshall plan?

A

He thought the USA was trying to divide Europe in two and create an economic empire in Europe. He called it ‘dollar imperialism

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24
Q

What was the impact of the Truman Doctrine?

A

The grand alliance was gone
Stalin’s suspicious of the world was reinforced
Europe for the next 50 years became an intense rivalry to win political victories over political opponents

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25
When did Cominform happen?
22 September 1947
26
What did Cominform stand for?
Communist Information Bureau
27
Who were members of Cominform?
Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia
28
Where was Cominforms headquarters?
Belgrade
29
What did Cominform do?
Stalin was able to direct and control the governments of satellite states. He wanted countries to take order from Moscow. The Satellite States were encouraged in trading with eachother.
30
What did the Cominform meeting say of the Marshall plan?
They accused America of being no different from Nazi Germany
31
When did Comecon happen?
25 January 1949
32
What did Comecon stand for?
the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
33
Who were the members of Comecon?
Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania East Germany and Albania
34
What did Comecon do?
Support economic development in its member States. They organised industrial planning across the Satellite States. Each Staes had a five year plan, nationalised agriculture and collectivised agriculture
35
When was NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ) set up
April 1949
36
When did Britain and USA combine their zones in Germany into Bizonia
1947
37
When Did France join to form Trizonia?
March 1948
38
When did the allies create the Deutschmark?
June 1948
39
When was the Berlin Blockade
June 1948
40
What was the Berlin Blockade?
Stalin shut of land routes across Soviet controlled Germany into Berlin
41
What was the Berlin Airlift?
An operation to fly supplies such as coal, food to West Berlin
42
How much supplies were the USA able to fly in every day?
1,000 tonnes
43
How much supplies were flown in on January 1949 (peak month of flying)
170,000 tonnes
44
When did the Soviet Union life the blockade
9 May 1949
45
What was West Germany's official name?
Federal Republic of Germany
46
When was West Germany set up?
23 May 1949
47
When was West Germany allowed to elect a new leader?
14 August 1949
48
Who and when was the first democratically elcted leader of West Germany?
Konrad Adenauer 15 September 1949
49
What was West Germanys new capital called?
Bonn
50
What was East Germany called?
German Democratic Republic
51
When was East Germany set up?
October 1949
52
What was NATO?
A military alliance were if one member got attacked all NATO members would come to its assistance
53
When was Warsaw Pact set up?
May 1955
54
Who was a member of Warsaw Pact?
Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany
55
When did USA construct the Atomic Bomb?
1945
56
When did USSR construct the Atomic bomb?
1949
57
When did USA develop hydrogen bomb?
November 1952
58
When did USSR develop hydrogen bomb?
August 1953
59
When did USA develop ICBM (inter-continental ballistic missile)?
June 1957
60
When did USSR develop ICBM?
August 1957
61
When did Dwight D Eisenhower take office?
January 1953
62
When did Stalin die?
5 March 1953
63
When did Khrushchev become leader of Soviet Union?
1956
64
Why did both sides feel tension could be reduced?
The Korean war ended in July 1953 Both sides knew reducing spending would be good for economies
65
When was the meeting in Geneva?
July 1955
66
What was the Geneva meeting?
To discuss how Austria should be governed
67
When was the Hungarian uprising?
October 1956
68
Why did the people of Hungary protest?
Lack of political freedom Problems created by fuel shortages and poor harvests
69
What happened at the uprising in Budapest?
Police clashed with protestors
70
What did Khrushchev do to solve the Hungarian situation?
Replacing Rakosi with Imre Nagy in July 1956
71
What were Nagy's reform?
The government would include non-communist parties ending the one party system Released many political prisoners Persuaded Khrushchev to withdraw troops from Hungary
72
When did Nagy become Prime-minister?
24 October 1956
73
When were Soviet troops withdrawn from Hungary
28 October 1956
74
Whn did Nagy announce Hungary were leaving Warsaw Pact?
1 November 1956
75
Why did Khrushchev needed Hungary not to leave Warsaw Pact?
If Hungary broke away, other Satellite States might follow and Soviet Union lose their buffer zone
76
What was Khrushchevs response to Hungarian uprisings?
1,000 tanks rolled into Budapest
77
When did the tanks roll into Hungary?
4 November 1956
78
How many Hungarians died in the invasion?
20,000
79
Who replaced Nagy as leader?
Janos Kadar
80
What happened to Nagy?
When he was leaving Hungary to get to Yugoslavia, Soviet agents kidnapped him and tried and executed him
81
When was the East German riots against the government?
1953
82
How many East germans crossed to west Berlin?
3 million
83
When did was refugee crisis in Berlin?
1958
84
When was Khrushchev's Berlin ultimatum?
27 November 1958
85
What did Khrushchev's ultimatum want?
Berlin should be demilitarised and western troops withdrawn Berlin should become a free city
86
When was the geneva summit?
May 1959
87
When was Camp David summit?
September 1959
88
When was the Paris summit?
May 1960
89
When did the Soviets shoot down an American U-2 spy plane?
1 May 1960
90
When was the Vienna summit?
June 1961
91
When did John F. Kenedy become president
January 1961
92
When was the bay of pigs invasion?
17 April 1961
93
What amount did Kenedy increase in arms spending?
$2billion
94
How many East Germans crossed to the West in August 1961?
40,000
95
When did Khrushchev close the berlin border?
12 August 1961
96
How long was the concrete wall?
165 kilometres
97
How many people were shot trying jump over the Berlin Wall?
130
98
When was the Cuban revolution?
January 1959
99
Who led the Cuban revolution?
Fidel Castro and Che Guevara
100
What did America own in Cuba?
Oil refineries, electricity, phone networks and railways
101
When did Cuba take back the land owned by Americans?
May 1959
102
When did Castro and Khrushchev have an agreement?
February 1960
103
When did USA break diplomatic relations with Cuba?
January 1961
104
When did Khrushchev offer Cuba weapons?
September 1961
105
How many Cuban exiles landed in the Bay of Pigs?
1,400
106
How many Cuban soldiers were ready to fight the 1,400 invaders?
20,000
107
When was the bay of Pigs invasion?
17 April 1961
108
When did an American U-2 spy-plane took pictures of medium-range ballistic missiles
14 October 1962
109
Where were NATO missiles based?
Turkey
110
When was the thirteen days?
16-28 October
111
What did Kenedy call on the 16 October 1962?
Executive Committee (ExComm)
112
What did Kenedy decide to do on the 22 October 1962?
Not to attack Cuba, but instead set up a naval blockade around Cuba. Therefore no ships would be allowed to pass through without Americas permission
113
How many bombers did Kenedy prepare?
54 bombers each with 4 nuclear warheads
114
When did the Russian ships reach the blockade?
24 October 1962
115
When did Khrushchev send a first telegram to Kenedy?
26 October 1962
116
What was in Khrushchevs first deal?
They would remove the missiles in Cuba if the US would not invade
117
What did Khrushchev say in the second telegram?
They would remove missiles in Cuba if America would remove missile sites in Turkey
118
What agreement did Kenedy send on 28 October?
The first telegram not to invade Cuba
119
What did Robert Kenedy do?
Meet a Soviet Ambassador in Washington on the 27 to remove missiles from Cuba. This was kept secret
120
Whenwas hotline created?
June 1963
121
When was the test ban treaty signed?
August 1963
122
When was the outer space treaty signed?
1967
123
When was the nuclear non-proliferation signed?
1968
124
When was Khrushchev dissmised?
1964
125
When was Alexandef Dubcek elected as First Secretary of Czechoslovakia?
1968
126
What was the Prague spring?
A set of reforms Dubcek introduced
127
What was agreed in the Prague spring?
Censorship relaxed Trade unions were given larger power More power was given to Czech regional government Czech people were given more freedom to travel abroad
128
What was the Soviet reaction to Dubcek's reforms?
Warsaw Pact troops to carry out manievers in Czechoslovakia
129
What were Breshnev's reaction?
On 26 August 1968, 500,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia
130
What was the Brezhnev doctrine?
The actions of any individual Communist country affected all communist countries. If one countries actions threatened other countries, it was their duty to stop those actions
131
What did the Brezhnev doctrine really mean?
All communist countries would be prevented from introducing reforms to make their countries more liberal
132
What was Détente?
A geniune attempt to have more co-operative and stable relationship
133
What was SALT 1
Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty
134
What was agreed in the SALT 1 agreement?
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty were only allowed at two sites The Interim Treaty placed restrictions on ICBMs and SLBMs . Basic principles agreement
135
How many IcBMs and SLBMs was USA allowed
1,054 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs
136
How many ICBMs and SLBMs was Soviet Union allowed?
1,618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs
137
Why was SALT 1 weak?
Unrealistic unclear war is avoided
138
When did Grobachev become leader os Soviet Union?
March 1985
139
What was Gorbachev's new thinking policies?
Gorbachev introduced perestroika to allow some aspects of Capitalism to the economy There would be more openess and less corruption in the government called glasnot The Soviet Union would withdraw from Afghanistan
140
What was Perestroika?
Russian for reconstruction. It was used in the Gorbachev era to describe his programme for reorganising and restructuring the Soviet State
141
What is Glasnot?
Russian for 'openness' or 'transparency'. In the 1980s and 1990s, it was used describe Gorbachev new, more open, attitude to government and foreign relations
142
When was the Geneva summit?
November 1985: no formal agreement made
143
When was the Reykjavik summit?
October 1986: Improved relations
144
When was the Washington summit?
December 1987: intermediate-Range nuclear force Treaty. All land based missiles abolished range from 500-5,500km
145
When was the Moscow summit?
1988: INF treaty resolved. Reduction in Warsaw Pact troops
146
When was Malta summit?
1989: End of Cold War
147
How did the Soviet Union control of Eastern Europe end?
End of Brezhnev Doctrine
148
When did the Berlin wall fall?
9 November 1989
149
When was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
2 December 1979
150
When did pro-soviet givernment took control in Afganistan?
April 1978
151
Wh and when was there a popular coup in Afghanistan?
Hafizullah Amin September 1978
152
Who and when was there a popular coup in Afghanistan?
Hafizullah Amin September 1978
153
When was Amin assasinated?
27 December 1978
154
When was Amin assasinated?
27 December 1978
155
Who replaced Amin?
Pro soviet Babrak Kamal
156
Who replaced Amin?
Pro soviet Babrak Kamal
157
What was the cost of going to war in Afghanistan?
$8 billion a year
158
What was the Strategic Defense Initiative?
Place a series of satellites in orbit that carried powerful lasers that could shoot down Soviet missiles

History (5 decks)

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