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Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Tehran meeting

A

November 1943

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2
Q

What was agreed at Tehran?

A

USA and Britain would open a second front in Western Europe and Stalin would declare war on Japan onced it had defeated the Germans

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3
Q

When was the Yalta meeting

A

February 1945

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4
Q

What was agreed at Yalta?

A

Germany would be split into 4 zones each controlled by USA, USSR, Britain and France
The United Nations would be setup
The borders of Poland would be restored to their position in 1921

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5
Q

When was the Potsdam meeting?

A

July-August 1945

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6
Q

What was agreed at Potsdam?

A

Germany would be divided into four zones each administered by the Soviet Union, USA, Britain and France
Berlin would also be divided into four zones, controlled by different countries

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7
Q

When was the atomic bomb launched on Hiroshima?

A

6 August 1945

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8
Q

When was the atomic bomb launched on Nagasaki?

A

9 August 1945

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9
Q

When did Roosevelt die and who replaced him?

A

April 1945
Harry S Truman

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10
Q

Who beat Winston Churchill in the 1945 general election?

A

Clement Attlee

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11
Q

When did Germany surrendor in WW2?

A

May 1945

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12
Q

When was the UN created?

A

June 1945

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13
Q

How many countries signed the treaty of San Francisco?

A

51

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14
Q

How and when did Poland become a Satellite State?

A

The Poles staged a rebellion against the Nazis. The Soviets promised to help but instead waited until the uprising had been crushed and then invade Poland and put a pro-Communist government in place

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15
Q

How and when did Hungary become a Satellite State?

A

There were elections in 1945. Some Communists got voted in but not enough. In 1947, voters were intimidated in a campaign supported by Mosvow and the Communists won. By 1949 Hungary was a one party Communist state.

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16
Q

How and when did Czechoslovakia become a satellite State?

A

After the war, Benes tried to restore democracy. Stalin saw tgis as a threat to the buffer zone. So he supported a coup in February 1948. A pro-soviet communist government was set up under the leadership of Klement Gottwald

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17
Q

How and when did Romania and Bulgaria become Satellite States?

A

The Red Army took control of Romania and Bulgaria from the Nazis. There were free elctions but voters were intimidated. The elctions brought in communist governmwnts and one party states

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18
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine?

A

12 March 1947

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19
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

The USA would provide $400million in economic aid to Greece and Turkey and would send Amercian civilian and military personnel. In the speech, Truman talked of Choosing Democracy over Communism was like choosing good over evil and said Communism should be stopped

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20
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

Providing economic aid to help war torn countries from communism

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21
Q

When was the marshall plan?

A

1948-1952

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22
Q

How much money did the Marshall plan supply with?

A

$13billion

UK-$3.297billion
France-$2.296

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23
Q

What did Stalin think of the Marshall plan?

A

He thought the USA was trying to divide Europe in two and create an economic empire in Europe. He called it ‘dollar imperialism

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24
Q

What was the impact of the Truman Doctrine?

A

The grand alliance was gone
Stalin’s suspicious of the world was reinforced
Europe for the next 50 years became an intense rivalry to win political victories over political opponents

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25
Q

When did Cominform happen?

A

22 September 1947

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26
Q

What did Cominform stand for?

A

Communist Information Bureau

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27
Q

Who were members of Cominform?

A

Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia

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28
Q

Where was Cominforms headquarters?

A

Belgrade

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29
Q

What did Cominform do?

A

Stalin was able to direct and control the governments of satellite states. He wanted countries to take order from Moscow. The Satellite States were encouraged in trading with eachother.

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30
Q

What did the Cominform meeting say of the Marshall plan?

A

They accused America of being no different from Nazi Germany

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31
Q

When did Comecon happen?

A

25 January 1949

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32
Q

What did Comecon stand for?

A

the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

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33
Q

Who were the members of Comecon?

A

Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania East Germany and Albania

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34
Q

What did Comecon do?

A

Support economic development in its member States. They organised industrial planning across the Satellite States. Each Staes had a five year plan, nationalised agriculture and collectivised agriculture

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35
Q

When was NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ) set up

A

April 1949

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36
Q

When did Britain and USA combine their zones in Germany into Bizonia

A

1947

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37
Q

When Did France join to form Trizonia?

A

March 1948

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38
Q

When did the allies create the Deutschmark?

A

June 1948

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39
Q

When was the Berlin Blockade

A

June 1948

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40
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade?

A

Stalin shut of land routes across Soviet controlled Germany into Berlin

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41
Q

What was the Berlin Airlift?

A

An operation to fly supplies such as coal, food to West Berlin

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42
Q

How much supplies were the USA able to fly in every day?

A

1,000 tonnes

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43
Q

How much supplies were flown in on January 1949 (peak month of flying)

A

170,000 tonnes

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44
Q

When did the Soviet Union life the blockade

A

9 May 1949

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45
Q

What was West Germany’s official name?

A

Federal Republic of Germany

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46
Q

When was West Germany set up?

A

23 May 1949

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47
Q

When was West Germany allowed to elect a new leader?

A

14 August 1949

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48
Q

Who and when was the first democratically elcted leader of West Germany?

A

Konrad Adenauer
15 September 1949

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49
Q

What was West Germanys new capital called?

A

Bonn

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50
Q

What was East Germany called?

A

German Democratic Republic

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51
Q

When was East Germany set up?

A

October 1949

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52
Q

What was NATO?

A

A military alliance were if one member got attacked all NATO members would come to its assistance

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53
Q

When was Warsaw Pact set up?

A

May 1955

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54
Q

Who was a member of Warsaw Pact?

A

Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany

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55
Q

When did USA construct the Atomic Bomb?

A

1945

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56
Q

When did USSR construct the Atomic bomb?

A

1949

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57
Q

When did USA develop hydrogen bomb?

A

November 1952

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58
Q

When did USSR develop hydrogen bomb?

A

August 1953

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59
Q

When did USA develop ICBM (inter-continental ballistic missile)?

A

June 1957

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60
Q

When did USSR develop ICBM?

A

August 1957

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61
Q

When did Dwight D Eisenhower take office?

A

January 1953

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62
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

5 March 1953

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63
Q

When did Khrushchev become leader of Soviet Union?

A

1956

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64
Q

Why did both sides feel tension could be reduced?

A

The Korean war ended in July 1953
Both sides knew reducing spending would be good for economies

65
Q

When was the meeting in Geneva?

A

July 1955

66
Q

What was the Geneva meeting?

A

To discuss how Austria should be governed

67
Q

When was the Hungarian uprising?

A

October 1956

68
Q

Why did the people of Hungary protest?

A

Lack of political freedom
Problems created by fuel shortages and poor harvests

69
Q

What happened at the uprising in Budapest?

A

Police clashed with protestors

70
Q

What did Khrushchev do to solve the Hungarian situation?

A

Replacing Rakosi with Imre Nagy in July 1956

71
Q

What were Nagy’s reform?

A

The government would include non-communist parties ending the one party system
Released many political prisoners
Persuaded Khrushchev to withdraw troops from Hungary

72
Q

When did Nagy become Prime-minister?

A

24 October 1956

73
Q

When were Soviet troops withdrawn from Hungary

A

28 October 1956

74
Q

Whn did Nagy announce Hungary were leaving Warsaw Pact?

A

1 November 1956

75
Q

Why did Khrushchev needed Hungary not to leave Warsaw Pact?

A

If Hungary broke away, other Satellite States might follow and Soviet Union lose their buffer zone

76
Q

What was Khrushchevs response to Hungarian uprisings?

A

1,000 tanks rolled into Budapest

77
Q

When did the tanks roll into Hungary?

A

4 November 1956

78
Q

How many Hungarians died in the invasion?

A

20,000

79
Q

Who replaced Nagy as leader?

A

Janos Kadar

80
Q

What happened to Nagy?

A

When he was leaving Hungary to get to Yugoslavia, Soviet agents kidnapped him and tried and executed him

81
Q

When was the East German riots against the government?

A

1953

82
Q

How many East germans crossed to west Berlin?

A

3 million

83
Q

When did was refugee crisis in Berlin?

A

1958

84
Q

When was Khrushchev’s Berlin ultimatum?

A

27 November 1958

85
Q

What did Khrushchev’s ultimatum want?

A

Berlin should be demilitarised and western troops withdrawn
Berlin should become a free city

86
Q

When was the geneva summit?

A

May 1959

87
Q

When was Camp David summit?

A

September 1959

88
Q

When was the Paris summit?

A

May 1960

89
Q

When did the Soviets shoot down an American U-2 spy plane?

A

1 May 1960

90
Q

When was the Vienna summit?

A

June 1961

91
Q

When did John F. Kenedy become president

A

January 1961

92
Q

When was the bay of pigs invasion?

A

17 April 1961

93
Q

What amount did Kenedy increase in arms spending?

A

$2billion

94
Q

How many East Germans crossed to the West in August 1961?

A

40,000

95
Q

When did Khrushchev close the berlin border?

A

12 August 1961

96
Q

How long was the concrete wall?

A

165 kilometres

97
Q

How many people were shot trying jump over the Berlin Wall?

A

130

98
Q

When was the Cuban revolution?

A

January 1959

99
Q

Who led the Cuban revolution?

A

Fidel Castro and Che Guevara

100
Q

What did America own in Cuba?

A

Oil refineries, electricity, phone networks and railways

101
Q

When did Cuba take back the land owned by Americans?

A

May 1959

102
Q

When did Castro and Khrushchev have an agreement?

A

February 1960

103
Q

When did USA break diplomatic relations with Cuba?

A

January 1961

104
Q

When did Khrushchev offer Cuba weapons?

A

September 1961

105
Q

How many Cuban exiles landed in the Bay of Pigs?

A

1,400

106
Q

How many Cuban soldiers were ready to fight the 1,400 invaders?

A

20,000

107
Q

When was the bay of Pigs invasion?

A

17 April 1961

108
Q

When did an American U-2 spy-plane took pictures of medium-range ballistic missiles

A

14 October 1962

109
Q

Where were NATO missiles based?

A

Turkey

110
Q

When was the thirteen days?

A

16-28 October

111
Q

What did Kenedy call on the 16 October 1962?

A

Executive Committee (ExComm)

112
Q

What did Kenedy decide to do on the 22 October 1962?

A

Not to attack Cuba, but instead set up a naval blockade around Cuba. Therefore no ships would be allowed to pass through without Americas permission

113
Q

How many bombers did Kenedy prepare?

A

54 bombers each with 4 nuclear warheads

114
Q

When did the Russian ships reach the blockade?

A

24 October 1962

115
Q

When did Khrushchev send a first telegram to Kenedy?

A

26 October 1962

116
Q

What was in Khrushchevs first deal?

A

They would remove the missiles in Cuba if the US would not invade

117
Q

What did Khrushchev say in the second telegram?

A

They would remove missiles in Cuba if America would remove missile sites in Turkey

118
Q

What agreement did Kenedy send on 28 October?

A

The first telegram not to invade Cuba

119
Q

What did Robert Kenedy do?

A

Meet a Soviet Ambassador in Washington on the 27 to remove missiles from Cuba. This was kept secret

120
Q

Whenwas hotline created?

A

June 1963

121
Q

When was the test ban treaty signed?

A

August 1963

122
Q

When was the outer space treaty signed?

A

1967

123
Q

When was the nuclear non-proliferation signed?

A

1968

124
Q

When was Khrushchev dissmised?

A

1964

125
Q

When was Alexandef Dubcek elected as First Secretary of Czechoslovakia?

A

1968

126
Q

What was the Prague spring?

A

A set of reforms Dubcek introduced

127
Q

What was agreed in the Prague spring?

A

Censorship relaxed
Trade unions were given larger power
More power was given to Czech regional government
Czech people were given more freedom to travel abroad

128
Q

What was the Soviet reaction to Dubcek’s reforms?

A

Warsaw Pact troops to carry out manievers in Czechoslovakia

129
Q

What were Breshnev’s reaction?

A

On 26 August 1968, 500,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia

130
Q

What was the Brezhnev doctrine?

A

The actions of any individual Communist country affected all communist countries. If one countries actions threatened other countries, it was their duty to stop those actions

131
Q

What did the Brezhnev doctrine really mean?

A

All communist countries would be prevented from introducing reforms to make their countries more liberal

132
Q

What was Détente?

A

A geniune attempt to have more co-operative and stable relationship

133
Q

What was SALT 1

A

Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

134
Q

What was agreed in the SALT 1 agreement?

A

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty were only allowed at two sites
The Interim Treaty placed restrictions on ICBMs and SLBMs .
Basic principles agreement

135
Q

How many IcBMs and SLBMs was USA allowed

A

1,054 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs

136
Q

How many ICBMs and SLBMs was Soviet Union allowed?

A

1,618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs

137
Q

Why was SALT 1 weak?

A

Unrealistic unclear war is avoided

138
Q

When did Grobachev become leader os Soviet Union?

A

March 1985

139
Q

What was Gorbachev’s new thinking policies?

A

Gorbachev introduced perestroika to allow some aspects of Capitalism to the economy
There would be more openess and less corruption in the government called glasnot
The Soviet Union would withdraw from Afghanistan

140
Q

What was Perestroika?

A

Russian for reconstruction. It was used in the Gorbachev era to describe his programme for reorganising and restructuring the Soviet State

141
Q

What is Glasnot?

A

Russian for ‘openness’ or ‘transparency’. In the 1980s and 1990s, it was used describe Gorbachev new, more open, attitude to government and foreign relations

142
Q

When was the Geneva summit?

A

November 1985: no formal agreement made

143
Q

When was the Reykjavik summit?

A

October 1986: Improved relations

144
Q

When was the Washington summit?

A

December 1987: intermediate-Range nuclear force Treaty. All land based missiles abolished range from 500-5,500km

145
Q

When was the Moscow summit?

A

1988: INF treaty resolved. Reduction in Warsaw Pact troops

146
Q

When was Malta summit?

A

1989: End of Cold War

147
Q

How did the Soviet Union control of Eastern Europe end?

A

End of Brezhnev Doctrine

148
Q

When did the Berlin wall fall?

A

9 November 1989

149
Q

When was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

2 December 1979

150
Q

When did pro-soviet givernment took control in Afganistan?

A

April 1978

151
Q

Wh and when was there a popular coup in Afghanistan?

A

Hafizullah Amin
September 1978

152
Q

Who and when was there a popular coup in Afghanistan?

A

Hafizullah Amin
September 1978

153
Q

When was Amin assasinated?

A

27 December 1978

154
Q

When was Amin assasinated?

A

27 December 1978

155
Q

Who replaced Amin?

A

Pro soviet Babrak Kamal

156
Q

Who replaced Amin?

A

Pro soviet Babrak Kamal

157
Q

What was the cost of going to war in Afghanistan?

A

$8 billion a year

158
Q

What was the Strategic Defense Initiative?

A

Place a series of satellites in orbit that carried powerful lasers that could shoot down Soviet missiles

History (5 decks)

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