Elizabeth (1) Flashcards
What problems did Elizabeth face about her legitimacy
Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII after his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, not everyone accepted Elizabeth’s legitimacy (especially Catholics)
Many thought that Mary Queen of Scots was the legitimate Queen
What problems did Elizabeth face about her marriage
Women were thought to be inferior. A queen ruling by herself was very unusual so many felt that Elizabeth should marry
What problems did Elizabeth face about her religion
In 1588, countey was divided by religion ( Protestant and Catholic )
What problems did Elizabeth face about Foreign Powers
England was weak compared to others, the most powerful were France and Spain, both Roman Catholic
What problems did Elizabeth face about Money
England had fought costly wars before Elizabeth became Queen. Crown was £300,000 in debt when she took the throne
What did Elizabeth want to do about the religous issues
Elizabeth tried to follow a Middle Way in religion, which both Catholics and Protestants could accept.
What did catholics like about the religous settlement (1559)
- They could still believe in transubstantiation
- Images were allowed in churches
What did protestants like about the religious settlement (1559)
- Bible/Prayer books in English
- Control of the Pope ended
What was the act of supremacy
Put elizabeth in charge of the church
What was the act of uniformity
Established the appearence of churches and types of services
What was the royal injunction
Instructions on how to reimforce the acts of supremacy and uniformity
How did puritans challenge the religous settlement
The main problems were with the use of crucifixes and vestments
Elizabeth had to back down over the crucifix but the majority of priests consented about vestments
How did catholics challenge the religous settlement
The Pope instructed Catholics to not attend church services
Many of the English Nobilty in the North of England were recusants (Catholics that refused to go to Elizabethan church services).
This led to revolt of the Northern Earls
How did foreign powers challenge the religous settlement
- Protestantism was rising in Europe but many leading Catholic powers (France,Spain) were a threat to Elizabeth’s settlement.
- Religious war broke out in France in 1562 and Elizabeth was worried about this threatening her position
- Spain’, military presence in the Netherlands during the Dutch revolt was a clear threat to Elizabeth
What were the problems with mary queen of scots
Many Catholics saw Mary Queen of Scots as the legitimate monarch (she was Elizabeth’s second cousin and had a direct link to the throne).
Elizabeth kept her in captivity in england to prevent revolt
What caused the revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
- Northern nobility tended to remain Catholic.
- Did well out of Mary I’s reign.
- Found their influence reduced under Elizabeth and disliked her ‘favourites’ like Dudley and Cecil
What was the plan of the revolt of the Northern Earls 1568
- Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland would raise an army and take control of Durham and would then march south to join the Duke of Norfolk’s forces
- Several thousand Spanish troops would land in Hartlepool to support the rebels
- Mary Queen of Scots would be freed, married to the Duke Norfolk and placed on the throne
What were the main events of the revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
November 1659 – earls of Northumberland and Westmorland led a rebellion against Elizabeth called the Revolt of the Northern Earls.
Took Durham Cathedral and celebrated a full Catholic mass
What was the outcome of the revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
Most nobles stayed loyal to Elizabeth and by 24 November they were forced to retreat and eventually defeated.
Prompted harsher treatments against Catholics. Pope Pius VI excommunicated Elizabeth (expelled her from the church)
Why did the dutch revolt happen
The Netherlands belonged to Spain at this time but events such as the Spanish Inquisition led to the Dutch Revolt starting in 1566
How did elizabeth support the dutch and create enemies with the spanish
She allowed Dutch rebels to take shelter in English ports (Sea Beggars), took money from Spanish ships (‘Genoese Loan’) and provided financial help to the Dutch rebels.
What was the treaty of nonsuch (1585)
A treaty in support of dutch rebels
