Cold War (1) Flashcards
What agreements were made in Tehran (Nov-Dec 1943)
- agreed about the spheres of influence
- Western allies agreed to launch attack on Germany from the west (D-Day)
What disagreements were made in Tehran (Nov-Dec 1943)
- Disagreed about Germanys future, Stalin wanted reparations from Germany, Roosevelt and Churchill wanted Germany rebuilt
What agreements were made in Yalta (Feb 1945)
- Russia to help US defeat Japan
- Work for democracy in Europe
- Set up UN
- USSR sphere of influence in E Europe
What disagreements were made in Yalta (Feb 1945)
- They disagreed about what was meant by democracy
- After Roosevelts death, Truman took charge, he was less willing to compromise with Stalin
What agreements were made in Potsdam (Jul-Aug 1945)
- Ban Nazi party and prosecute war criminals
- reduce size of Germany
- divide Germany and berlin into 4 zones (USSR, Britain ,France, USA)
What disagreements were made in Potsdam (Jul-Aug 1945)
- Reparations on Germany
- USA had the atom bomb
Whats the iron curtain speech (1946)
- Churchill mentions increasing control from Moscow. This implies that Stalin wants to control Europe.
- The speech implies that Stalin is a threat to much of Europe, not just Britain.
- He wanted US support to help prevent communism spreading further
What was the Truman doctrine
The TRUMAN DOCTRINE said that America should help countries resist communist takeover with economic resources and troops if necessary
what was the Marshall plan
$13 bn of US money to help rebuild post-war Europe
what did the marshal plan hope to achieve
- Help Europe recover
- Make communism less attractive
- Help US economy as countries had to agree to trade with America
what impact did the marshal plan have
- USSR furious at US attempt to split Europe
- Stalin insisted that Eastern European countries should refuse it
- Makes the division of Europe bigger
What was Cominform
- Communist Information Bureau
- made in 1947 and aimed To control Communist Parties and ensure loyalty of Eastern European governments
Removed ‘disloyal’ government
members - This Consolidated the power of the USSR by stamping out opposition, sometimes with violence
What was Comecon
- Council for mutual economic assistance
- made in 1949 and aimed To encourage economic development of Eastern Europe (Stalin’s answer to the Marshall Plan)
- this cemented European division
what was the berlin blockade
- from 1948-49
- Stalin blocked all supplies from getting to W Berlin to show that a divided Germany could not work and to force the West to pull out
how did the us respond to the blockade
-The western powers did not want to look weak so they responded with an airlift (dropping supplies over in planes)
What was the effect of the airlift
- Stalin could do nothing to stop it and was eventually forced to lift the Blockade.
- The Blockade made the USSR look aggressive and the airlift made the USA look peaceful and generous.
What is NATO
- In 1949, Western Countries set up NATO to counter the Soviet military threat.
This was a defensive alliance
What is the Warsaw Pact
- In 1955, the USSR and its Eastern European neighbours set up the Warsaw Pact to counter the military threat from NATO
What events took place in Hungary leading up to 1956
- 1945 Soviets take over , ‘free’ elections Communists come to power
- Rakosi’s rule, Stalin/’bald butcher’
- Removal of opposition ( ‘salami’ tactics )
- Resources taken to Russia (coal, oil etc.)
- People unhappy, leads to protests
What were the events of the Hungarian Uprising
- Stalin died in 1953
- Khrushchev hinted that Communist control would relax
- Hungarians demonstrated against Communist rule
- Khrushchev appointed a more liberal ruler - Imre Nagy
- Nagy announced reforms such as free elections and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
- Khrushchev sent the Soviet Army in, thousands killed, Nagy arrested and executed
What was the significance of the Hungary Uprise
- Showed that Khrushchev would use force to maintain control if necessary
- US offered food and medical aid but no military support
- US condemned USSR’s actions and this worsened relations
- Radicals in Eastern Europe were discouraged from following the Hungarians’ example
