Elimination Flashcards
Define anuria
24 hour urine output is less than 50 mL
Define dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Define glycosuria
Presence of glucose in the urine
Define nocturia
Awakening at night to urinate
Define oliguria
24 hour urine output is less than 400 mL
Define polyuria
Excessive output of urine
Define proteinuria
Protein in the urine
Define urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine
What is post void residual (PVR)
The amount of urine that remains in the patients bladder after voiding. Urinary retention is a PVR greater than 150 mL and catheterization is recommended.
When do children develop urinary control?
Between age 2-5 years old
Physiological changes accompany normal aging may affect urination in older adults. These changes include what?
The diminished ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine may result in nocturia
Decreased bladder muscles may reduce the capacity of the bladder to hold urine, resulting in increased frequency of urination
Decrease bladder contractility may lead to urine retention and stasis, which increases the likelihood of UTI
How do diuretics in interfere with bladder function?
Diuretics cause increased urine production, resulting in the need for increased urination, and possibly urge incontinence
What is urge incontinence?
Involuntary loss of urine that occurs soon after feeling an urgent need to void
What is type 1 in the Bristol stool chart?
Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)
What is type 2 in the Bristol chart
Sausage shaped but lumpy
What is type 3 of the Bristol stool chart?
Like sausage but with cracks on the surface
What is type 4 on the Bristol stool chart?
Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft
What is type 5 on the Bristol stool chart
Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passed easily)
What is type 6 on the Bristol stool chart
Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
What is type 7 on the Bristol stool chart
Watery, no solid pieces. Entirely liquid
Treatments for constipation
Increase fluid AND fiber (warm prune juice!)
Increase activity
Maintain routine
Appropriate use of laxatives
Enemas large and small volume
Suppositories
Digital removal
How do you obtain a stool sample?
Wash hands and wear gloves
Void first
Flip toilet hat to rear
Collect sterile container, label
Send per hospital guidelines
Normal urine?
Pale yellow, no foul odor, clear. Concentrated has stronger odor. pH 4.6-8.00, specific gravity (concentration) 1.015-1.025
Abnormal urine?
Foul odor, blood, discoloration, particulate matter, cloudy, stones, WBC, ketones
