Elimination

Question 1

What is diarrhea?

Answer 1

The passage of three loose liquid stools per day

Question 2

What are common causes of diarrhea?

Answer 2

Infections : oversecrtetion of water and sodium into the bowel
- Viral (rhoda in infants and kids, neurons?

• Bacterial (eccoli from undercooked food, cdiff from long term antibiotics, salmonella uncooked pultry or eggs)

-Parasitic
gardeh - fresh lakes and rivers, swimming pools

Drugs : osmotic, rapid GI transit that prevents absorption of fluids
- antibiotics and some antidepressants

Diet :
individualized , caffeine, spice

Question 3

How do you differentiate between acute and chronic diarrhea?

Answer 3

Acute - last 14 days

Persistant - greater than 14 days

Chronic- 30 days or more

Question 4

What is the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis?

Answer 4

Chronic inflamation of the GI tract (the large intestine) , autoimmune disease

from the rectum to cecum (colon)

incurs in the bowel wall, water and electrolytes are not absorbed so thats loss and new cell breakdown causes protein loss through stool. areas of inflamed mucous reform tongue like projections in the bowel

Question 5

List common manifestations in an individual with ulcerative colitis.

Answer 5

Fatigue
Unexplaiend weight loss
Freq reoccurring diarrhea
rectal beleding
abdominal pain and cramping
nausea

Question 6

What are common nursing diagnoses applicable to individuals with ulcerative colitis?

Answer 6

Medical:

CBC: low hgb from blood loss, inc in WBC , electrolyte abnormalities

barium enema, transbdominal ultrasound, CAT scan or MRI, stool culture for symptoms

Colostomy

Question 7

What are potential complications from ulcerative colitis?

Answer 7

Local: Toxic Megacolon (and rupture) , colon cancer, hemorrhage, obstruction, secondary infections

Question 8

Explain different management strategies used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Answer 8

Rest the bowel
Control Inflammation
Control infection
Correct malnutrition
Alleviate stress
provide symptomatic relief

Question 9

What characteristics are associated with an ileostomy? How does it differ from a colostomy?

Answer 9

Ileostomy - bringing a small loop of the small intestine to the surface of the skin so that waste passes out of the ileostomy

only one type

Make sure they drink lots of water cause output is alot

Colostomy - same but for colon

different types that depend on the site (four sites)

More distal the ostomy, the more functioning of the bowel

ascending would be semi liquid, descending is a bit more form stool

Question 10

List the nursing interventions associated with ulcerative colitis.

Answer 10

Monitor VS
Pain Control
Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
nutritional support
I/Os status
MOnitor labs
Perineal skin care
Daily weights
Patient eduction

Question 11

Explain the difference between ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease.

Answer 11

Difference in pattern of inflamation

ulcerative colitis - colona nd rectum , moves in continuous fashion towards cucumber, occurs in the mucous layer and innermost layer

crohn’s disease-anywhere in GI tract from south to anus , segments of normal bowel can occur

all layer of bowel wall