Elements of Sea Flashcards
Atom economy is…
the measure of the proportion of reacting atoms that become part of the desired product in the balanced chemical equation
Atom economy formula
Mr of desired product/ Total Mr of all products x 100%
Benefits of high atom economy
Little or no waste product
The process is more economically viable
Preserves raw materials
Oxidation is …
loss of electrons or increase in oxidation number
Reduction is …
gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation number
An oxidising agent…
accepts electrons from the species that is being oxidised. It gains electrons and is reduced + reduction in oxidation number
An reducing agent …
donates electrons to the species being reduced. It loses electrons and is oxidised + increases in oxidation number for the reducing agent.
Electrolysis is the…
decomposition of a molten or aqueous ionic compound by passing an electric current through it.
What is the rule at the cathode?
If the metal ions are below hydrogen in the electrochemical series, the metal atoms will be produced at the cathode. If the metal is above hydrogen in the electrochemical series, hydrogen gas will be produced at the cathode.
What is the rule at the anode?
If the solution contains a halide ion. The halogen is formed. If the solution doesn’t contain halide, then oxygen is formed.
The trend of volatility in halogens
Decrease the down group as the boiling point increase
The trend of reactivity in halogens
As you move down the group, reactivity decreases as it becomes harder to attract an electron
Trend of thermal stability in hydrogen halides
Decrease down the group due to increasing bond strength
