Elements of life Flashcards
What are the 3 type of particles ?
Neutrons
Protons
Electrons
Describe the electron ?
- It has a -1 charge
- They wizz around the nucleus in
shells. These shells take up the most of the volume of the atom.
Describe the nucleus ?
- Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus
- The diameter of the nucleus is rather tiny compared to the whole of the atom.
- The nucleus is where you will find the protons and neutrons.
What is the relative mass and charge of the neutron ?
Relative mass - 1
Relative charge - 0
What is the relative mass and charge of the proton ?
Relative mass - 1
Relative charge - +1
What is the relative mass and charge of the electron ?
Relative mass - 1/1836
Relative charge - -1
What is the mass number ?
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the atomic number ?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
What are isotopes ?
Isotopes of an element are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
What determines the chemical properties of an element ?
The number and arrangement of electrons. Isotopes have the same configuration of electrons, so they have the same chemical properties.
Do isotopes of an element have slightly different physical properties ?
Yes - it often depends on the mass of the atom.
Where is the mass concentrated in an atom, and what makes up most of the volume of an atom ?
The mass is mostly concentrated in the nucleus of an atom. The electron shells make up the majority of the volume.
Define the term isotopes ?
Isotopes of an element are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are all isotopes of each other.
Identify one similarity and one difference between these isotopes ?
Similarity - They have the same atomic number. (Same number of protons and electrons)
Difference - They have different mass numbers. (Different number of neutrons)
Hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are all isotopes of each other.
Deuterium can be written as 2H. Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a neutral deuterium atom ?
Protons - 1
Neutrons - 1
Electrons - 1
What did John Dalton describe atoms as ?
Solid spheres
What did J.J Thompson discover ?
Electrons
What was J.J Thomson’s model called, and why ?
The ‘Plum Pudding model’ - a positively charged sphere with negative electrons embedded in it.
What experiment did Ernest Rutherford with his students Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden conduct ?
The Geiger-Marsden experiment.
What was the Geiger-Marsden experiment ?
They fired alpha particles (positively charged) at a thin sheet of gold.
What was the conclusions from the Geiger - Marsden experiment ?
They expected most of the alpha particles to be deflected very slightly by the positive charge that made up most of the atom.
But most of the alpha particles passed straight through, and a very small number were deflected backwards. This showed that the plum pudding model could not be right.
What model did Rutherford come up with ?
Th nuclear model
What is the nuclear model ?
A tiny, positively charged nucleus at the centre of the atom, where the majority of the mass is concentrated.
The nucleus is surrounded by a ‘cloud’ of freely orbiting negative electrons.
Most of the atom is empty space.
What particle did Rutherford discover ?
The proton (positively charged)