elements and ions Flashcards
elements in carbohydrates
C, H, O
elements in lipids
C, H, O
elements in proteins
C, H, O, N, S
elements in nucleic acids
C, H, O, N, P
which elements make up living organisms
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur
phosphorus
functions of calcium ions Ca2+
nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction
functions of sodium ions Na+
nerve impulse transmission
kidney function
functions of potassium ions K+
nerve impulse transmission
stomatal opening
functions of hydrogen ions H+
catalysis of reactions, pH determinationf
function of ammonium ions NH4+
production of nitrate ions by bacteria
function of nitrate ions NO3-
nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation
function of hydrogen carbonate ions HCO3-
maintenance of blood pH
function of chloride ions Cl-
balance and charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
functions of phosphate ions PO4 3-
cell membrane formation
nucleic acid and ATP formation
bone formation
functions of hydroxide ions OH-
catalysis of reactions
pH determination
number of bonds in hydrogen
1
number of bonds in oxygen
2
number of bonds in nitrogen
3
number of bonds in carbon
4
anabolic reaction
molecules are built up
catabolic reaction
molecules are broken down
what is polymerisation
when monomers bond to form polymers
monomer
the singular units from which larger molecules are made
polymer
molecules made from many repeating monomer units chemically joined together
polymer of glucose
starch
cellulose
glycogen
polymer of amino acid
protein
polymer of nucleic acid
RNA
DNA
formation of macromolecules
glucose molecules can be joined together to make polysaccharides
