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2.1.2 Biological molecules > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

monosaccharide

A

singular sugar unit

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2
Q

example of monsaccharide

A

glucose
fructose
ribose

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3
Q

disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond

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4
Q

example of disaccharide

A

lactose
sucrose
maltose

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5
Q

polysaccharide

A

when more than two monosaccharides are linked together by a glycosidic bond

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6
Q

example of polysaccharide

A

glycogen
starch
cellulose

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7
Q

how are carbohydrates bonded?

A

by glycosidic bonds

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8
Q

what makes glucose a hexose monosaccharide?

A

contains 6 carbon atoms

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9
Q

alpha glucose

A

the hydrogen atom is above carbon 1 on the plane of the ring. the hydroxyl group is below carbon 1

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10
Q

beta glucose

A

the hydrogen atom is below carbon 1 on the plane of the ring. the hydroxyl group is above carbon 1

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11
Q

why is glucose soluble?

A

due to hydrogen bonding

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12
Q

how does a di/poly saccharide form?

A
  • two hydroxyl groups interact
  • form strong covalent bond
  • called glycosidic bond
  • condensation reaction
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13
Q

condensation reaction

A
  • joining two molecules together
  • removing water
  • chemical bond is formed.
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14
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A
  • splitting apart of molecules
  • addition of water
  • chemical bond is broken
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15
Q

what is a pentose monosaccharide?

A

sugars that contain 5 carbon atoms

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16
Q

starch

A
  • monomer = alpha glucose
  • store of glucose
  • made of amylose and amylopectin
  • in plant cells
  • helix can compact and branched structure increases surface area
  • insoluble
17
Q

amylose

A
  • linear due to 1,4
  • soluble
  • helix chain, resistant to digestion
  • alpha glucose
18
Q

amylopectin

A
  • highly branched, due to 1,4 and 1,6
  • hydrolysed quicker than amylose
  • insoluble
19
Q

glycogen

A
  • monomer = alpha glucose
  • 1,4 and 1,6
  • store of glucose
  • in animals, mainly liver and muscle cells
  • highly branched increases surface area
  • insoluble
20
Q

cellulose

A
  • monomer = beta glucose
  • 1,4
  • alternate monomers flipped
  • structural strength for cell wall
  • linear
  • hydrogen bonds form microfibrils which form strong fibres for cell walls
  • insoluble
  • fibres are permeable so water and solutes can reach cell surface membrane
21
Q

how do glycosidic bonds affect shape?

A

1,4 glycosidic bond = chain
1,6 glycosidic bond = branches off a chain

2.1.2 Biological molecules (6 decks)

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