Element Classifications

Question 1

Where are the metals located on the periodic table?

What are characteristics of metals ?

Answer 1

METALS- Left side of the periodic table and in the center
-react with acids to displace hydrogen
-form cations by losing their electrons to become positive
-shiny appearance (luster)
-good conductors of heat and electric electricity
-are malleable and ductile
-high melting and boiling points

Question 2

Metalloid Staircase

Answer 2

Starts with B and ends at Po/At

Question 3

Non-metals

Answer 3

Right side of the metalloid staircase on the periodic table
-gain share electrons in reactions
-form Anions (covalent bonds-shared e-)
-dull appearance
-poor conductors (insulators)
-not malleable or ductile
-Can exist in various states at room temperature, (solids, liquids, gases)
React with other nonmetals & metals

Question 4

Valence Electrons

Answer 4

-Electrons in the outermost shell (energy level) of atom
-involved in chemical bonding
-full outer shell=more stable/less reactive
-Fewer valence electrons= more reactive
-seek to gain, loose, or share electrons
-group #’s in P.T. = # of valence electrons
-valence electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds

Question 5

Ionic Compounds

Answer 5

-High Melting/Boiling Points
-Solubility (soluble in water & other polar solvents)
-Electrical Conductivity- conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted, as the ions are free to move

Ex. NaCl, MgO, CaF2

Ionic bonding is fundamental in the formation of many salts

Question 6

Ionic Bonds

Answer 6

Between metals and non-metals
-Chemical Bond occurs when 1 atom TRANSFERS E- to another, forming charged ions
-form a positive (cation) & negative (anion)
-electrostatic forces- positive & negative charges attracted to each other