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Chem 101 2025 > What Is Chemistry 101 day 1 > Flashcards

What Is Chemistry 101 day 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chemistry

A

Central Science
Study of matter and its changes
Plays a role in all other sciences

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2
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space (mass & volume)

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3
Q

Chemistry areas of study are

A

1) health & medicine- drugs/pharmaceutical/.
treat disease
2) energy & environment- nuclear/geothermal/
wind power/new&efficient power sources
3) materials & technology- computers-faster/
smaller/nano tech
4) food & agriculture-bioengineering/organic

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4
Q

5 branches of chemistry

A

Organic
Inorganic
Biochemical
Physical
Analytical

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5
Q

Organic

A

Carbon compounds

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6
Q

Inorganic

A

Non-carbon compounds

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7
Q

Biochemistry

A

How living things function

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8
Q

Physical chemistry

A

Studies physical properties
(things you can measure & observe)

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9
Q

Analytical chemistry

A

Studies components of substances like:

What makes up tooth paste

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10
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more compounds

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11
Q

Compound

A

2 or more elements

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12
Q

All branches of chemistry employ the:

A

Scientific Method

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13
Q

Scientific Method

A

A systematic approach to research using measurements : quantitative (numbers&units)
& characteristic properties : qualitative (descriptions & observations)

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14
Q

Scientific Method Step 1

A

Define the problem

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15
Q

Scientific Method Step 2

A

Set up a hypothesis (educated guess)

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16
Q

Scientific Method Step 3

A

Set up experiments & collect DATA (quantitative & qualitative)

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17
Q

Scientific Method Step 4

A

Organize Data into logical patterns
(line/ bar/ pie graphs)

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18
Q

Scientific Method Step 5

A

Make conclusions:
The hypothesis was correct or incorrect

Make a theory, model, or natural log

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19
Q

Quantitative

A

Measurements: #
Includes numbers & units

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20
Q

Qualitative

A

Characteristics / properties
(Descriptions & observations)

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21
Q

Classifications of Matter

A

1) Substance
2) Mixture
3) Element

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22
Q

Homogeneous

A

Uniform throughout
Example: Air= 5 gases in a uniform mixture

Air, Salt Water, Soda, Gatorade

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23
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Not uniform

Ex: OJ with pulp, rice pudding, oil & water, beach sand, a human being, a dog)

24
Q

3 States of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas

25
Q

Substance

A

Has a constant composition & specific properties
Taste - salt & sugar, water
Smell - sulfur, ammonia, bleach, vinegar
Sight- gold, silver, water

26
Q

Pure Substance

A

Elements or Compounds (2 or more elements)

27
Q

Air

A

5 gases in a uniform mixture =homogeneous

28
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more substances
1) homogeneous
2) heterogeneous

29
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cannot be separated or broken down

30
Q

5th Century BC 4 elements claimed by Greeks

A

Fire, earth, water, air

31
Q

4th Century BC Chinese claimed 5 elements

A

Fire, earth, water, metal, wood

32
Q

Who claimed there was no pre-conceived # of elements, unlimited # of elements

A

Robert Boyle 1661

33
Q

Who organized the periodic table 500 years after there was a claim there are no preconceived # of elements?

34
Q

Element Symbol Properties

A

1 or 2 letters
1st letter capitol
2nd letter always lower case

Examples: Co - Cobalt
Not an Element = CO = compound - Carbon Monoxide

35
Q

Things element names were derived from:

A

1) Property in another language
Ex. Rubidium= Red Ruby, Chlorine = Greek
Chloros (green/yellow)
2) Place of Discovery
Ex. Cf (California), Ge, Fr, BK
3) Ytterby, Sweden- 4 elements: Y, Yb, Er, Tb
4) Planets & Mythology-Plutonium, Np, Pm, Pu
5) after noted scientists - Es (Einsteinium) #99
Bh (Bohrium) #107

36
Q

Which scientist does not have an element named after him?

A

Isaac Newton

37
Q

Ytterby, Sweden 4 elements named after

A

1) Y Yttrium- is a silvery-white, soft, and ductile transition metal with the atomic number 39
2) Yb Ytterbium- is a soft, silvery, ductile, and malleable rare-earth metal with the atomic number 70
3) Er Erbium- is a rare earth element (REE) with the atomic number 68. It’s a soft, silvery-gray metal that’s the fourth heaviest REE
4) Tb Terbium- REE 65 65. It’s a soft, silvery-white, malleable, and ductile element that can be cut with a knife

38
Q

Elements named after Planets & Mythology

A

1) Plutonium
2) Np
3) Pm - Prometheus God that gave humans fire
4) Uranium, Plutonium, Neptunium,
Promethium
5) Cf Californium, Fr Francium, Bk Berkelium,
Ge Germanium

39
Q

Elements named after noted Scientists

A

Es Einsteinium #99
Bh Bohrium #109

40
Q

Length

41
Q

Mass

A

Kilograms Kg

42
Q

Temperature

43
Q

Time

44
Q

Volume

A

m^3 cubic meters
Length x width x height

45
Q

Speed

A

Distance over time
Length / Time

46
Q

Density

A

Mass/Volume
D=M/V
Kg/m^3

47
Q

Weight & mass is measured by the

A

Gravitational pull

48
Q

Degrees
Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

(9/5xdegrees Celsius)+ 32 = degrees Fahrenheit
9/5*C + 32 = *F

49
Q

Degrees
Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

(*F - 32)(5/9) = *C

50
Q

Degrees
Celsius to Kelvin

A

273 + *C = Kelvin Degrees

51
Q

Scientists Elements

A

Einstein Es
Fermr Fm (Fermium)
Bohr Bh Bohrium

52
Q

Physical property

A

Measured or observed
Changes to a different form of the same substance (liquid to a gas)

53
Q

Chemical

A

How something reacts to become something different
Ex- changes color is chemical

54
Q

Absolute 0

A

Lowest theoretically attainable temperature
38 pico Kelvin’s

55
Q

Significant figures

A

All numbers that are not 0

If it starts with 0, u don’t start counting until u get to a number

Zeros in the center and at the end count, as long as it starts with a number other than 0

Chem 101 2025 (1 decks)

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