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NEBOSH NGC 1 > Element 4 > Flashcards

Element 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Identify examples of high risk work that would be controlled by a Permit To Work System?

A

Hot Work (naked flames or creation of ignition sources).
Work on high voltage systems.
Confined Space entry.
Work on operational pipelines.
Excavating near buried services.
Maintenance work on large, complex machinery.

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1
Q

When setting Health & Safety objectives for an organisation, what should those objectives be?

A

SMART.
Specific - A clearly defined, precise objective.
Measurable - Measure achievement.
Achievable - It can be done.
Reasonable - Within a timescale with resources allocated.
Time bound - A timescale/deadline is set.

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2
Q

When setting SMART objectives, identify areas that should be given consideration?

A
  • Who is going to set the objectives - Senior Managers? HSE advisors?
  • Legal & other requirements - Objectives must recognise legal standards.
  • Hazards & Risks - In the workplace.
  • Technological options - Advancement and updates to technology.
  • Financial, Operational and Business requirements - Objectives integrated into these areas.
  • Views of interested parties - Consultation with employees, supervisors, managers, contractors, clients, customers, landlords, co-occupies, suppliers, manufacturers and designers.
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3
Q

Planning requires that an organisation must KEEP UP TO DATE WITH LEGAL REQUIREMENTS. List the methods by which organisations and individuals can keep up to date regarding Health & Safety legislation?

A
  • HSE website and HSE electronic newsletters.
  • Organisations and charities with an interest in occupational Safety and Health, such as IOSH & ROSPA.
  • Periodicals such as Safety and Health Practitioner.
  • Subscription news and update services offered by private businesses (e.g. Croners).
  • Attendence at legislation update seminars and conferences.
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4
Q

What does IOSH stand for?

A

Institution of Occupational Safety and Health.

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5
Q

What does ROSPA stand for?

A

Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents.

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6
Q

Give the definition of a Hazard?

A

A Hazard is something with the potential to cause harm.

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7
Q

Outline some control measures that may have to be implemented into the Safe System of Work, with regard to “Lone Workers”?

A
  • No lone working for certain high risk activities (confined space).
  • Arrangements for remote supervision.
  • Procedures for logging workers locations when lone working.
  • The use of mobile phones or radios to ensure good communications.
  • The issue of lone worker alarm systems to raise the alarm and pin-point the worker.
  • Procedures to be adopted by workers when lobe working.
  • Emergency procedures.
  • Training for workers in those procedures.
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8
Q

Give the definition of Risk?

A

Risk is the likelihood that a Hazard will cause harm in combination with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.

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8
Q

What are the main objectives of a a Risk Assessment?

A

The prevention of accidents and ill health.
Prevention of death and personal injury.
Prevention of other types of loss incident.
Prevent breaches of statute law which might lead to enforcement action and/or prosecution.
Prevent the direct and indirect costs that follow on from accidents.

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10
Q

Hazards can be identified using various methods. List them?

A

Task analysis.
Legislation.
Manufacturers information.
Incident data.

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11
Q

With regard to the Legal Requirements associated with Risk Assessments, what does the MHSWR state?

A
  • Every employer and self employed person MUST make a SUITABLE and SUFFICIENT assessment of both his employees and non employees.
  • The assessment MUST be REVIEWED as necessary.
  • The assessment MUST be RECORDED if the employer has 5 OR MORE EMPLOYEES.
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12
Q

What does COSHH stand for?

A

Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health.

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13
Q

Explain and give examples of how Hazards can be classified?

A

PHYSICAL - Noise, Heat, Trip Hazards.
CHEMICAL - Radiation, Cement, Dust.
BIOLOGICAL - Diesease, Hep B, Legionella.
ERGONOMIC - Repetitive handling injuries (tendons).
PSYCHOLOGICAL - PTSD.

(SAFETY HAZARDS & HEALTH HAZARDS)

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14
Q

Give a definition of QUALITATIVELY & QUANTITATIVELY?

A

QUALITATIVELY - Someone’s opinion, subjective.

QUANTITATIVELY - Defined from hard data, more rigorous and objective.

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15
Q

Give the definition of an Accident?

A

An unplanned, unwanted event which leads to injury, damage or loss.

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16
Q

Identify the different types of incident?

A

Accident.
Near Miss.
Dangerous Occurrence.
Work Related Ill Health.

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17
Q

Give the definition of a Near Miss?

A

An unplanned event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage or loss but did not.

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18
Q

Give the definition of a Dangerous a Occurrence?

A

A specified event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by statute law.

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19
Q

Give the definition of Work Related Ill Health?

A

Diseases or medical conditions caused by a persons work.

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20
Q

Who should and might carry out Risk Assessments?

A
  • Competent People.
  • Workers familiar with the tasks and areas to be assessed.
  • Health & Safety specialist such as Safety practitioners and occupational health nurses.
  • Technical specialists such as mechanical and electrical engineers.
  • Line managers responsible for the tasks or areas being assessed.
  • Worker Safety representatives.
21
Q

Identify some Safety Hazards?

A 
Slips, trips, falls.
Falls from height.
Falling objects.
Collision with objects.
Trapped or crushing.
Manual handling.
Electricity.
Transport.
Contact with chemicals.
Asphyxiation/drowning.
Fire and explosion.
Animals.
Violence.
22
Q

Explain the stages when undertaking TASK ANALYSIS?

A 
SREDIM.
Select the task.
Record the steps or stages of each task.
Evaluate the risks associated with each step.
Develop the safe working method.
Implement the safe working method.
Monitor to ensure it is effective.
23
Q

Identify the people who could be at Risk in the workplace?

Also identify the GROUPS of people who might be at Risk?

A 
Employees.
Maintenance Staff.
Cleaners.
Contractors.
Visitors.
Members of the Public.
Young People.
New or Expectant Mothers.
Disabled Workers.
Lone Workers.
24
Q

Give a quick equation which defines Risk?

A

Risk = Likelihood x Severity

25
Q

When assigning a Risk Rating to a Risk Assessment, identify 3 categories of Risk?

A

Acceptable.
Tolerable.
Unacceptable.

26
Q

What is the general principle of Risk Control Hierarchy?

A

Eliminate the hazard.
Create a safe place.
Create a safe person.

26
Q

Identify the 4 main sections of a Permit To Work?

A

Issue.
Receipt.
Clearance/Return to service.
Cancellation.

  • There may be a section for EXTENSION.
27
Q

Identify the considerations when working in Confined a spaces?

A
  • Level of supervision.
  • Competency of the people doing the work.
  • Communication methods used inside the confined space.
  • Atmospheric testing and monitoring before and during entry.
  • Ventilation that may be required before and during entry.
  • Removal of residues.
  • Isolation and lock-off of in-feeds and out-feeds.
  • Isolation and lock-off of electrical and mechanical hazards.
  • PPE requirement for workers which may include respiratory protective equipment.
  • Safe and quick access and egress methods.
  • Fire prevention methods.
  • Lighting that is suitable and safe to use in the atmosphere inside the confined space.
  • Suitability of individuals in terms of body size and psychology.
  • Emergency and rescue arrangements to cope with foreseeable emergencies.
28
Q

Give the definition of Permit To Work Systems?

A

It is a formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe system of work, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after particularly high risk work.

30
Q

Identify groups of persons who may be more vulnerable, therefore resulting in a more specific Risk Assessment?

A

Young Persons
Expectant Mothers
Disabled Workers
Lone Workers

30
Q

Identify the hazards that present greater risk to pregnant women?

A
  • Certain hazardous chemicals (e.g. Lead).
  • Certain biological agents (e.g. The Rubella virus).
  • Manual handling, especially later in pregnancy.
  • Extremes of temperature.
  • Whole body vibration.
  • Ionising radiation.
  • Night shift work.
  • Stress.
  • Violence.
32
Q

How are preventive measures categorised?

A

Technical
Procedural
Behavioural

33
Q

What is the General Hierarchy of Control?

A 
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
35
Q

Give examples of Engineering controls?

A
  • Isolation or Total enclosure. Isolate the hazard physically so that nobody is exposed to it.
  • Separation or Segregation. Placing the hazard in an inaccessible location.
  • Partial enclosure. Placing a hazardous substance in a fume hood or partial enclosure in order for it to be handled.
  • Safety devices. Ensuring the item is used in the correct and safe way.
36
Q

Give examples of Administrative Controls?

A
  • Safe Systems of Work.
  • Reduce Exposure.
  • Reduce Time of Exposure.
  • Information, Instruction, a Supervision & Training.
37
Q

According to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996, what are the 5 categories of Safety Signs?

A 
Prohibition.
Warning.
Mandatory Action.
Safe Condition.
Fire-Fighting Equipment.
38
Q

Under the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992, what does the employer have a duty to do?

A
  • Supply suitable PPE where risks cannot be controlled by other more effective methods.
  • Ensure that when two or more items of PPE have to worn together they are compatible.
  • Provide suitable storage accommodation for PPE.
  • Provide information, instruction and training to workers on PPE they are expected to wear.
  • Enforce the use of PPE.
  • Replace or repair damaged or lost items.
39
Q

It is the duty of the employer to provide suitable PPE. What does “SUITABLE” mean?

A
  • It is appropriate for the risks and conditions.
  • It is ergonomic (user-friendly).
  • It fits.
  • It does not increase the overall risks.
  • It complies with any relevant standards.
40
Q

Identify the benefits of PPE?

A
  • Can be used as an interim control whilst more expensive or difficult controls are put in place.
  • In some situations it may be the only control option available.
  • It may be needed as a back-up for emergencies when other controls have failed.
  • It is usually cheap.
  • It gives immediate protection.
41
Q

Identify the limitations of PPE?

A
  • It only protects one person (the wearer).
  • It may not protect adequately if it is not correctly fitted.
  • It may not be comfortable and may interfere with the wearers ability to do the job.
  • It may increase the overall risk by impairing the senses (e.g. Goggles mist up).
  • It may not be compatible with other items that have to be worn or used.
  • People do not like wearing PPE.
  • If it fails it fails to danger (the worker is exposed to the risk).
42
Q

Give examples of Internal Information Sources?

A 
Accident records.
Medical records.
Risk assessments.
Maintenance records and reports.
Safety representative inspections.
Audit reports.
Safety committee meeting minutes.
43
Q

Give examples of External Information Sources?

A

National legislation (e.g. Regulations).
Approved codes of practice (guidance notes published by HSE).
Standards published by the British Standards Institution (BSI).
Manufacturers information (operating instructions for equipment).
Trade associations.
Safety journals and magazines.
International bodies and agencies (e.g. European Union).

44
Q

List the 5 steps/stages to a Risk Assessment?

A

Identify the Hazards.
Identify the people who might be harmed and how.
Evaluate the Risk and decide upon precautions.
Record the significant findings and implement them.
Review and update as necessary.

45
Q

Outline what it is important to consider when developing a Safe System of Work?

A

PEME.
People - Who is the SSW for? What level of competence/ability?
Equipment - What Plant/Equipment will be worked on/used? What safety equipment will be needed?
Materials - What materials will be used/handled? How will waste be disposed of?
Environment - In what type of environment will the work take place? Space, light, temperature?

46
Q

Define a “Confined Space”.

A

Any place, including any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well or other similar space in which, by virtue of it’s enclosed nature there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk.

47
Q

Why might a “Young Person” be more vulnerable to risk in a workplace?

A 
Lack of experience.
Physical and mental immaturity.
Poor perception of risk.
Heavily influenced by peer group pressure.
Eager to show a willingness to work.
48
Q

The hazards that a lone worker may encounter will be the same as those of their colleagues working together, but the risks may be higher. Why?

A

They lack assistance to do the work and if things go wrong.

Communication with colleagues and management is more difficult.

49
Q

Give examples of “Specified Risks” with regard to working in Confined Spaces?

A
  • Fire or explosion.
  • Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation arising from gas, fumes, vapour or lack of oxygen.
  • Drowning.
  • Asphyxiation as a result of entrapment in free flowing solid.
  • Loss of consciousness as a result of high air temperature.
  • An enclosed nature (ventilation will be restricted and access/egress may be difficult).
  • One or more of the foreseeable specified risks exist.
50
Q

Give the general principles of prevention?

A
  • Avoid risks.
  • Evaluate risks that cannot be avoided.
  • Combat risks at source.
  • Adapt work to suit individual.
  • Adapt to technical progress.
  • Replace the dangerous with the non-dangerous or less dangerous.
  • Develop a coherent overall prevention policy.
  • Give priority to collective protective measures over individual protective measures.
  • Give appropriate instructions to employees.
51
Q

What circumstances might trigger a Risk Assessment review?

A 
- Significant change to a matter that the risk assessment relates to:
Process
Substances
Equipment
Workplace environment
Personnel
- There is reason to suspect that the assessment is not valid:
Accident
Near miss
Ill health
Change to legal standards
54
Q

Define a “Lone Worker”?

A

Workers who are separated from their work colleagues.

NEBOSH NGC 1 (5 decks)

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