Electrons and Ionisation energy.

Question 1

The number of electrons that can fill the first four shells.

Answer 1

Shell 1- 2.
Shell 2- 8.
Shell 3- 18.
Shell 4- 32.

Question 2

Definition of atomic orbital.

Answer 2

A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.

Question 3

The shapes of P and S orbitals.

Answer 3

Check diagrams.

Question 4

The number of orbitals and electrons in S, P and D sub-shells.

Answer 4

S:
- Each shell contains 1 S orbital.
- Can hold one or two electrons
- The greater the shell number, the greater the radius of it’s S orbital.
P:
- Each shell from n=2 contains three p-orbitals.
- The greater the shell number (n), the further the p-orbital is from the nucleus.
- Each can hold up to 6 electrons.
D:
- Each shell from n=3 contains five d-orbitals.
- Each can hold up to 10 electrons.