Basic organic.

Question 1

Saturated definition.

Answer 1

Single bonds only.

Question 2

Unsaturated definition.

Answer 2

Have C=C double bonds(multiple).

Question 3

Homologous series meaning.

Answer 3

Family of compounds w/ similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 group.

Question 4

Functional group meaning.

Answer 4

A group of atoms largely responsible for a molecule’s chemical properties/characteristic reactions.

Question 5

Aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Answer 5

C atoms joined to each other in straight or branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
Alkenes(at least 1 C=C)
Alkanes(single C-C)
Alkynes(at least 1 triple carbon carbon bond)

Question 6

Alicyclic hydrocarbons.

Answer 6

C atoms are joined to each other in ring structures w/ or w/o branches.

Question 7

Aromatic hydrocarbons.

Answer 7

Some or all of the C atoms are found in a benzene ring.

Question 8

Carbon number and stem name.

Answer 8

1=meth
2=eth
3=prop
4=but
5=pent
6=hex
7=hept
8=oct
9=non
10=dec.

Question 9

Naming organic compounds.

Answer 9

Practice questions.

Question 10

Functional groups.

Answer 10

Aldehyde-CHO
Ketone C=O
Ester -COOC
Acyl chloride -COCl
Amine -NH2
Nitrile -CN

Question 11

General formulas.

Answer 11

Alkanes= CnH2n+2
Alkenes=CnH2n
Alcohols=CnH2n+1OH
Carboxylic acids= CnH2nO2
Ketones= CnH2nO

Question 12

Displayed, structural formulas.

Answer 12

Practice questions.

Question 13

Skeletal formulas.

Answer 13

A line= a single bond
Intersection between 2 lines= a carbon atom
End of a line= a -CH3 group
Still write functional groups
Double bond C=C= a double parallel line
Remove:
-all C and H labels from carbon chains
-any bonds to H atoms.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS.

Question 14

Alkyl group.

Answer 14

CnH2n+1
Made by removing a H atom from an alkane.

Question 15

Which end to count from?

Answer 15

Start counting carbons from the end with the highest total mass
The biggest Mr is the starting point for Carbon number 1.
PRACTICE.

Question 16

Structural isomers.

Answer 16

Compounds w/ the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
PRACTICE drawing diff isomers.

Question 17

Homolytic fission.

Answer 17

One way a covalent bond breaks.
Each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond.
Each atom has a single unpaired electron.
A radical.
PRACTICE DRAWING OUT MECHANISM.

Question 18

Radical definition.

Answer 18

An atom or groups of atoms w/ an unpaired electron.

Question 19

Heterolytic fission.

Answer 19

When covalent bond breaks by this:
one of the bonded atom takes both of the electrons from the bond
Atom w/ both electrons=negative ion
Atom that takes none=positive ion.
PRACTICE DRAWING OUT.

Question 20

Curly arrows.

Answer 20

Used to show the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made.

Question 21

Reactions mechanisms.

Answer 21

PRACTICE QUESTIONS.

Question 22

Addition reactions.

Answer 22

2 reactants–> 1 product.

Question 23

Substitution reactions.

Answer 23

An atom or a group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 24

Elimination reactions.

Answer 24

The removal of a small molecule from a larger one.
One reactant molecule form 2 products.