Electrons and Bonding (5) Flashcards
other name for shell number
principle quantum number
number of electrons shell 1
2
number of electrons shell 2
8
number of electrons shell 3
18
number of electrons shell 4
32
orbitals
A region in space around a nucleus that you are most likely to find an electron in. An orbital can hold two electrons with opposite spin.
s-orbitals
It’s spherical, there’s one on every shell. Groups 1+2 end in s orbital
p-orbitals
It’s dumbbell shaped, there’s 3 of them at right angles to each other. 3 at each shell from n=2. Groups 3-8 end in p-orbital
d orbitals
there’s 5 of them on each shell starting from n=3. Transition metals end in d orbitals
f orbitals
theres 7 of them on each shell starting from n=4. The elements at the bottom end in f-orbitals
shorthand notation
putting the last noble gas and all the orbitals after that
ionic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative ion
structure of ionic compounds
giant ionic lattice, each positive ion has negative ions surrounding it.
melting and boiling points of ionic compounds
ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic attraction that requires lots of energy to break
solubility of ionic compounds
only soluble in polar solvents like water.
