Atoms, Ions and Compounds (2)

Question 1

proton charge

Answer 1

positive

Question 2

electron charge

Answer 2

negative

Question 3

cation

Answer 3

positive ion - lost electrons

Question 4

anion

Answer 4

negative ion - gained electrons

Question 5

mass spectrometer

Answer 5

used to find % abundance of isotopes in a compound

Question 6

m/z ratio

Answer 6

relative mass of an ion/ relative charge of an ion

Question 7

relative atomic mass from % and m/z

Answer 7

(% multiplied by m/z ) divided by 100

Question 8

relative atomic mass from unrounded atomic mass and m/z

Answer 8

( unrounded number multiplied by m/z ) divided by m/z values added.

Question 9

hydroxide

Answer 9

OH -

Question 10

nitrate

Answer 10

NO3 -

Question 11

carbonate

Answer 11

CO3 2-

Question 12

sulphate

Answer 12

SO4 2-

Question 13

phosphate

Answer 13

PO4 3-

Question 14

ammonium

Answer 14

NH4 +

Question 15

how a mass spectrometer works - step 1

Answer 15

Vapourisation - sample is injected and vapourised into gas

Question 16

how a mass spectrometer works - step 2

Answer 16

Ionisation - The spectrometer has an electron gun that has a potential difference between 2 plates and electrons move from the cathode to the anode. As gas moves past the gun, some of these electrons knock an electron of it’s outer shell. This means it’s ionised.

Question 17

how a mass spectrometer works - step 3

Answer 17

Electrostatic acceleration - The positive ions are accelerated towards a negative plate and this helps focus fragments as beam

Question 18

how a mass spectrometer works - step 4

Answer 18

Magnetic deflection - the different mass and charge of the fragments are now sorted by a magnetic field. Those with a greater mass will be deflected less, those with a greater charge will be deflected more

Question 19

how a mass spectrometer works - step 5

Answer 19

Detection - The fragments are now detected and accept electrons, one positive charge will accept one electron. This will set up a current as the detector is giving electrons