Electronics: Foundations

Question 1

What does an atom consist out of?

Answer 1

An atom consists of a cloud of negatively charged electrons surrounding a dense nucleus that contains positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.
Kindle Edition.

Question 2

definition of matter

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

What is an element?

Answer 3

Pure matter that consists out of one type of atom

Question 4

What does the atomic number indicate?

Answer 4

The number of protons in each atom

Question 5

What is an isotope?

Answer 5

A variation of in the amount of neutrons of an atom. Variants are called isotopes

Question 6

How many elements in the periodic table

Answer 6

118

Question 7

How to tell how much electrons an atom has?

Answer 7

Atomic number. The atomic number indicates the amount of protons an atom has. A stabe atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons

Question 8

What doe the nucleus of an atom contain

Answer 8

protons and neutrons

Question 9

What are shells?

Answer 9

Shells are the pathways in which electrons travel around a nucleus

Question 10

How many electrons can each shell hold?

Answer 10

2, 8, 18, and 32

Question 11

What is a valence shell?

Answer 11

The outermost shell of an electron

Question 12

What are valence electrons?

Answer 12

Electrons that inhabit the outer shell of an atom

Question 13

What is the relationship between the valence shell and current?

Answer 13

The more full the valence shell, the less likely it is that an atom will lsoe electrons when a force is applied. The full the valence shell, the more likely it is to lose electrons when a force is applied.

Question 14

What is an ion

Answer 14

An atom with a charge. A possitive charge results when protons are more than electrons. A negative charge results when electrons are more than protons.

Question 15

What is emf?

Answer 15

Electromagnetic force (emf) is that attraction between positive and negative charges and the repulsion of like charges. It is the basis of interaction between the protons and electrons within atoms holding them together, and the attraction between atoms that have negative and positive charges.

Question 16

What is electricity?

Answer 16

The movement of electrons between atoms

Question 17

What is the movement of electricity dependend on?

Answer 17

emf

Question 18

What is conventional theory?

Answer 18

The early belief that electricity traveled from a positive to a negative charge

Question 19

What is Electron theory?

Answer 19

Electron theory states that electricity flows from negative to possitive.

Question 20

conductivity

Answer 20

The tendency of a material to allow the free flow of electrons

Question 21

Resistance

Answer 21

The tendency of a material to resist the flow of electrons

Question 22

condutivity is determined by…

Answer 22

How full or empty the valence shell of an element’s atoms are

Question 23

What side of the periodic table consists of good conductors

Answer 23

Elements on the left have fewer electrons in their valence shell, which makes them good conductors

Question 24

What side of the periodic table consist of insulators?

Answer 24

Elements on the right are noble gasses and are less conductive and have fuller valence shells.

Question 25

Which elements have only 1 valence electron making them good conductors

Answer 25

Silver, Gold, Copper

Question 26

Which elements are good insulators

Answer 26

Noble gasses like Neon, Helium, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and RAdon

Question 27

Which elements on the periodic table are semic conductors

Answer 27

The once in the middle

Question 28

Which elements are commonly used semiconductors

Answer 28

Silicon and germanium

Question 29

What is doping?

Answer 29

Adding an impurity to a semiconductor to improve it’s conductivity

Question 30

N-type semiconductor

Answer 30

A doped Semiconductor that allows a negative charge to flow through it.

Question 31

P-type semiconductor

Answer 31

A doped semiconductor with a possitive charge.

Question 32

An example of an N-type semiconductor

Answer 32

Doping silicone with phosphor

Question 33

An example of a P-type semiconductor

Answer 33

doping silicone with Boron

Question 34

factors that determine conductivity

Answer 34

• Atomic qualities
• Physical qualities: Diameter, Length
• Temperature: Changes conductivity

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Question 35

How does temperature influence conductivity?

Answer 35

Metals tend ot become less conductive when heated ans some become super conductive at extremely low temperatures

Question 36

explain electron and hole flow

Answer 36

The movement of the electrons is called electron flow. The opening up of the gaps is called hole flow.

Question 37

What are electrons?

Answer 37

Negatively charged particles